With the development of film and television industry and the rise of new media short video, film and television postproduction process has higher and higher requirements for image quality. In film and television postproduction, optimizing the image quality can enhance the resolution and make the image more vivid and detailed. High-quality image can fully embody the value of film and television, as well as promote the development of new media short videos. This paper optimizes image quality by improving image processing technology, thus improving the quality and value of film and television and new media short videos. In this paper, a convolutional neural network combined with a nonlinear activation function is used to establish an improved image processing technology model to efficiently extract image features. This technology can enhance the ability to extract image features, improve the accuracy of image feature extraction, and then improve the image resolution and details, thus improving the image quality in the process of film and television postproduction. The results show that the average value of PSNR is 30.29. The average value of PSNR of the proposed algorithm is higher than that of other algorithms, indicating that the error between the image processed by the proposed algorithm and the original image is small. The average SSIM of the algorithm in this paper is 0.903, which is closer to 1. Compared with other algorithms, the structure processed by the algorithm in this paper is more similar to the original structure, resulting in a better graph. The algorithm in this paper has the best performance on both the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity (SSIM). The improved image processing technology proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of image feature extraction, making film and television or new media short video images of higher quality.