Identifying characteristics of households affected by deforestation in their fuelwood and non-timber forest product collections: Case study in Kampong Thom Province, Cambodia

Ehara, Makoto; Hyakumura, Kimihiko; Nomura, Hisako; Matsuura, T.; Sokh, Heng; Leng, Chivin

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.12.006

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Kampong Thom is home to 13,044 of the 48,945 Kuoy indigenous people in the country, (Nhem et al 2018b). Kampong Thom has one of the highest provincial poverty rates in Cambodia (ADB 2014; Ehara et al 2016). The study of Nhem et al (2018a), on forest income and inequality in this province, reported that the annual average indigenous household income from forest resource extraction was $404.68 in 2015.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s participation and the gender perspective in sustainable forestry in Cambodia: local perceptions and the context of forestry research

Nhem

Lee²

2019

Forest Science and Technology

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We analyzed local stakeholders' perceptions on women's engagement in sustainable forestry and the challenges women face. We additionally examined the publication of scientific papers on women's participation and gender perspectives in forestry research. We employed Kendall's W to examine the concordance of local peoples' assessment of the knowledge of rural women related to forestry, the major barriers preventing women participating effectively in sustainable forestry and the tasks required to engage women better. The study revealed only very weak agreement regarding the knowledge of rural women about forestry (Kendall's W ¼ 0.47, p < .000). Local people considered women knew most about sustainable forestry and use of forest for various purposes and less about the trees and forests. The study found moderate agreement (Kendall's W ¼ .118, p < .000) concerning the major barriers preventing women participating effectively in sustainable forestry, with the most significant barrier being low female participation in decision-making bodies. There was very weak agreement on the highest priority task required to engage women better in forestry management (Kendall's W ¼ .035, p < .000). Quantitative content analysis was used to analyze the scientific papers. From 1992 to September 2018, 537 scientific papers were published in 171 journals, with study sites in 83 countries, related to women and gender in 1) forest, 2) REDD þ and 3) community-based forestry. The countries most covered by the research were: Indonesia (27 articles), India (39), United States (45) and Nepal (51). There was a significant increase in the number of papers on women's participation and gender mainstreaming in 1) forest (n ¼ 482), and 2) community-based forestry (n ¼ 20) from 2007, and in 3) REDD þ discourses (n ¼ 34) from 2011. This study suggests further scientific research is needed on women's participation and gender perspective in sustainable forestry and environmental concerns if the collective action needed for sustainable forest management is to be effectively addressed.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s participation and the gender perspective in sustainable forestry in Cambodia: local perceptions and the context of forestry research

Nhem

Lee²

2019

Forest Science and Technology

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“…Studies have described deforestation and the decline of forest resources as a 'public bad'the opposite of a 'public good' (Krott 2005;Tacconi 2007;Sadath and Rahman 2014;Kim and Alounsavath 2015;Boyce et al 2016;Ehara et al 2016). Consequently, significant global resolutions have called for attention to climate change to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and manage forests sustainably.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Forest Resources Rural Livelihoodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The population in this province rely heavily on forest resource products and agriculture (WSP-EAP et al 2014;Ehara et al 2016;Nhem et al 2018). In addition, this province is home to the Kouy indigenous people, the largest ethnic minority group in Cambodia (Nhem et al 2018).…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significantly more women participated in this study, 161 (58.12%) than men, 116 (41.88%). The respondents lived close to and extracted forest resources from the 11 community forestry sites (Ehara et al 2016). Table 1 shows the education level in the 14 villages.…”

Section: Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cambodian forest is an important carbon sink, containing 464 million metric tons of carbon, according to RGC (2014, p.142). However, forest cover in Cambodia reduced from 58.60% in 1996 to 48.14% in 2016 (Ehara et al 2016;MoE 2018;Nhem et al 2018). The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) (RGC 2011, p.26) has asserted that an average of 1.1.% (142,500 ha) of forest cover was lost per year between 1990 and 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest income and inequality in Kampong Thom province, Cambodia: Gini decomposition analysis

Nhem

Lee

Phin

2018

Forest Science and Technology

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This study analyzed the distribution of forest income and other variable sources of rural household income and considered their importance for the reduction of income inequality and poverty. We employed Gini decomposition to measure the contribution of forest income and other sources of income to income equality and assess whether they were inequalityincreasing or inequality-decreasing in the 14 villages. The forest income Gini correlation with total income was very high, R k ¼ 0.6960, and the forest income share of total rural household income was 35% (S k ¼ 0.3570). If the income earned from forest activities was removed, the Gini index would increase by 10.3%. Thus, if people could not access forest resources because of vast deforestation, perhaps from the limitations of government-managed forestry, unplanned clearing of forest land for agriculture or the granting of ELCs, there would be an increase in income inequality and poverty among rural households. The findings suggest that policy makers should look beyond agriculture for rural development, as forest resources provide meaningful subsistence income and perhaps contribute to both preventing and reducing poverty and inequality in rural communities. The study found that non-farm activities were inequality-increasing sources of income. The share of non-farm income to the total rural household income was S k ¼ 0.1290 and the Gini index of non-farm income was very high, G k ¼ 0.8780, compared with forest and farm income. This disagrees with other studies which have reported that non-farm income was inequality-decreasing for the rural poor.

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Situation analysis of energy use and consumption in Cambodia: household access to energy

Korkeakoski

Mentula

Vähäkari

et al. 2021

Environ Dev Sustain

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The aim of this article is to analyse the current situation of access to energy (in relation to SDG 7) and energy usage behaviour in households in two provinces in Cambodia, namely Pursat and Kampong Cham. The analytical framework is based on the energy ladder model and the energy stacking model as a starting point for assessing the current household energy profiles. A quantitative survey carried out in late 2015 in 970 households revealed differences in access to electricity between urban, electrified rural, and non-electrified rural districts. In urban areas, households are using multiple (3–4) energy sources compared to rural areas (2–3). The use of electricity through batteries in the non-electrified rural areas remains notable (43%) despite no access to the national grid. The dependence on traditional biomass, especially firewood, remains high (91% of all respondents) for all the sampled households, especially so in rural non-electrified households. The study confirms that households’ energy mix is composed of various energy sources, even when modern energy sources are available as opposed to complete fuel switch. The results also show that electricity use does not automatically lead to increased household income, but is much more complex process than discussed in existing research. The article further discusses the possible causes behind the phenomenon, proposes recommendations for better-informed energy policy, and provides important insights towards sustainable energy transition in Cambodia in the future.

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Identifying characteristics of households affected by deforestation in their fuelwood and non-timber forest product collections: Case study in Kampong Thom Province, Cambodia

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

Women’s participation and the gender perspective in sustainable forestry in Cambodia: local perceptions and the context of forestry research

Women’s participation and the gender perspective in sustainable forestry in Cambodia: local perceptions and the context of forestry research

Forest income and inequality in Kampong Thom province, Cambodia: Gini decomposition analysis

Situation analysis of energy use and consumption in Cambodia: household access to energy

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