Identifying factor‐augmented vector autoregression models via changes in shock variances

Abstract

We propose a new method for the structural identiÖcation of a dynamic causal relationship in factor-augmented vector autoregression models based on changes in the unconditional shock variances that occur on a historical date. The proposed method can incorporate both observed and unobserved factors in the structural vector autoregression system and it allows the contemporaneous matrix to be fully unrestricted. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the impulse response estimator and consider a bootstrap inference method. Monte Carlo experiments show that the proposed method is robust to the misspeciÖcation of the contemporaneous matrix unlike the existing methods. Both the asymptotic and bootstrap methods obtain a satisfactory coverage rate when the shock of an observed factor is studied, although the latter is more accurate when the shock of an unobserved factor is considered. An empirical example based on the same data employed by Bernanke et al. (2005) provides similar point estimates and somewhat wider conÖdence intervals, thereby supporting their identiÖcation strategy.