“…Although motivational factors and engagement learning strategies have been researched in diverse learning contexts (Ryan & Deci, 2000;Bong, 2001;Seki, 2014;Umemoto & Tanaka, 2017), two areas need more attention. First, previous studies on motivational factors have focused on school, subject level, gender and attitude variables toward learning in general (Ramseier, 2001;Gedera, Williams & Wright, 2015;King, 2016). Second, most studies on motivational factors and engagement strategies have only focused on specific education constructs mostly instructional design, technology diffusion and academic outcomes (Thijs & Verkuyten, 2009;Trowler, 2010;Clayton, Blumberg, & Auld, 2010;Lackey, 2013).…”