“…Although Mazan does not present high API levels, the malaria risk obtained by the models may be due to these villages, for their location in the basin, are transitory stops on the way to the final destination, which is Mazan. Rich GPS tracking data were leveraged by movement ecology methods such as utilization distribution or kernel density, and other post hoc analyses such as step selection functions (SSF), calculation of activity budgets, or behaviour-specific measures of landscape resistance [ 13 , 48 , 49 ] in the context of non-human animals; however, a body of studies examining these methods for infectious diseases epidemiology are still scarce. Moreover, the fine-scale characterization of HPM obtained in this study is consistent with that described elsewhere [ 50 , 51 ], which gives it an advantage over more commonly used methodologies such as telephone records or self-report surveys.…”