Identifying nonfatal firearm assault incidents through linking police data and clinical records: Cohort study in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2007–2016

Magee, Lauren A.; Ranney, Megan L.; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; Rosenman, Marc B.; Gharbi, Sami; Wiehe, Sarah E.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106605

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similar findings were demonstrated by a study in Indianapolis, Indiana, examining a hospital-law enforcement collaborative database. 9 Most striking are the deficiencies inherent to inpatient trauma registries. In our study, more than half of patients who sustained a firearm injury (both survivors and nonsurvivors) over the study period were not included in the trauma registry, as they underwent treatment in the ED and were released without admission or never presented to the hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The limitations of hospital and law enforcement databases in characterizing the epidemiology of firearm injury

Miller

Egger

Pike

et al. 2021

J Trauma Acute Care Surg

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BACKGROUND:Current data on the epidemiology of firearm injury in the United States are incomplete. Common sources include hospital, law enforcement, consumer, and public health databases, but each database has limitations that exclude injury subgroups. By integrating hospital (inpatient and outpatient) and law enforcement databases, we hypothesized that a more accurate depiction of the totality of firearm injury in our region could be achieved. METHODS:We constructed a collaborative firearm injury database consisting of all patients admitted as inpatients to the regional level 1 trauma hospital (inpatient registry), patients treated and released from the emergency department (ED), and subjects encountering local law enforcement as a result of firearm injury in Jefferson County, Kentucky. Injuries recorded from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, were analyzed. Outcomes, demographics, and injury detection rates from individual databases were compared with those of the combined collaborative database and compared using χ 2 testing across databases. RESULTS:The inpatient registry (n = 1,441) and ED database (n = 1,109) were combined, resulting in 2,550 incidents in the hospital database.The law enforcement database consisted of 2,665 patient incidents, with 2,008 incidents in common with the hospital database and 657 unique incidents. The merged collaborative database consisted of 3,207 incidents. In comparison with the collaborative database, the inpatient, total hospital (inpatient and ED), and law enforcement databases failed to include 55%, 20%, and 17% of all injuries, respectively. The hospital captured nearly 94% of survivors but less than 40% of nonsurvivors. Law enforcement captured 93% of nonsurvivors but missed 20% of survivors. Mortality (11-26%) and injury incidence were markedly different across the databases. DISCUSSION:The utilization of trauma registry or law enforcement databases alone do not accurately reflect the epidemiology of firearm injury and may misrepresent areas in need of greater injury prevention efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The limitations of hospital and law enforcement databases in characterizing the epidemiology of firearm injury

Miller

Egger

Pike

et al. 2021

J Trauma Acute Care Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data on non-fatal firearm injuries were obtained from IMPD. Due to mandatory reporting laws,20 police records provide more complete records compared with clinical data 21. A non-fatal firearm injury is defined as an assault in which a projectile weapon with a powder discharge causes a penetrating injury 22.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology of firearm injury: a cohort study of non-fatal firearm victimisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Indianapolis, Indiana

2022

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ObjectiveTo examine victimisation rates, geographic patterns and neighbourhood characteristics associated with non-fatal firearm injury rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingCity of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, 1 January 2017–30 June 2021.ParticipantsIntentional non-fatal firearm injury victims from Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department records. The study included information on 2578 non-fatal firearm injury victims between ages 0 and 77 years. Of these victims, 82.5% were male and 77.4% were black.Primary and secondary outcome measuresRates of non-fatal firearm injuries per 100 000 population by victim age, race, sex and incident motive. Prepandemic and peripandemic non-fatal firearm injury rates.ResultsNon-fatal shooting rates increased 8.60%, from 57.0 per 100 000 person-years in prepandemic years to 65.6 per 100 000 person-years during the pandemic (p<0.001). Rates of female victims (15.2 vs 23.8 per 100,000; p<0.001) and older victims (91.3 vs 120.4 per 100,000; p<0.001) increased significantly during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period. Neighbourhoods with higher levels of structural disadvantage (IRR: 1.157, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.324) and prepandemic firearm injury rates (IRR: 1.001, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.002) was positively associated with higher rates of non-fatal firearm injuries during the pandemic, adjusting for neighbourhood characteristics.ConclusionsNon-fatal firearm injuries increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among female and older victims. Efforts are needed to expand and rethink current firearm prevention efforts that both address the diversification of victimisation and the larger societal trauma of firearm violence.

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“…The most conversative rank defined the match. Further details on the linkage processes have previously been published ( Magee et al, 2021 , Magee et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All NFS assault victims (n = 2,681) defined from IMPD and clinical data ( Magee et al, 2021 ) with one or more clinical encounter in the 24-months preceding an index NFS were included in the study population. A NFS assault is defined as an interpersonal criminal assault in which a projectile weapon with a powder discharge caused a penetrating injury ( Beaman et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior studies have largely been restricted to pediatric nonfatal firearm victims which limits our ability to access differences in care in the adult population. In addition, most existing analyses lack the ability to define assault related nonfatal shootings due to inaccurate clinical coding ( Magee et al, 2021 , Donnelly et al, 2022 ). Assault related nonfatal shootings demonstrate higher mean healthcare costs per clinical visit compared to unintentional firearm injuries ( Bongiorno et al, 2021 ), but differences in mental health care utilization may exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Identifying nonfatal firearm assault incidents through linking police data and clinical records: Cohort study in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2007–2016

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

The limitations of hospital and law enforcement databases in characterizing the epidemiology of firearm injury

The limitations of hospital and law enforcement databases in characterizing the epidemiology of firearm injury

Changing epidemiology of firearm injury: a cohort study of non-fatal firearm victimisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Indianapolis, Indiana

Healthcare utilization and mental health outcomes among nonfatal shooting assault victims

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