Identifying perception behaviours in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Roemer, M. H. P.; Verheul, Ellen; Velthausz, Frank

doi:10.1111/jar.12436

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The experimental manipulation of the odors appeared to be the better option to study odor processing in this population. Previous literature has indeed noticed that smelling behaviors are difficult to observe in ecological conditions and that, in such contexts, the researchers themselves are not always aware of the presence of the odors ( 9 ). We decided against creating a control group.…”

Section: Participants Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five hedonic indicators, i.e., smiles, positive vocalizations, pouts, negative vocalizations, emotional outburst, plus nausea reactions as physical response, were recorded throughout the duration of exposure to the stimuli. The selection of these indicators was based on two rationales: (1) that they have been reported in the developmental literature [( 37 ) for a systematic review] and that they (2) belonged to the register of behaviors of people with PIMD ( 3 , 9 , 38 , 39 ). As a positive hedonic attribution usually induces approach or avoidance behavior ( 5 ), three more indicators were used, namely: head alignment on the stick, nose/hand coordination on the stick and attempts to reject the stick, resulting in nine indicators in total.…”

Section: Participants Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few exceptions aside, sensory studies in PIMD mainly focused on vision and audition and research on hedonic olfactory processing is still in its infancy ( 9 ). However, Vlaskamp and Cuppen-Fonteine ( 10 ) found that the reactions of children with PIMD to pleasant and potentially comforting odors were more reliably reported by their teachers than their reactions to other stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Odor hedonic responses in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

De Blasio,

Dind,

Petitpierre

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionOdors are closely linked to emotions, play an important role in the well-being of individuals and can influence mood. Despite these crucial properties, the hedonic responses to odors of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) remain little explored.AimThis within-subjects study aims to examine whether children and young people with PIMD react in a differentiated way to odors evaluated as pleasant or unpleasant by neurotypical adults and, if so, with which behaviors. The influence of their global mood on their emotional responses to odors is also examined.MethodTwenty children and young people (7–18 years old) with PIMD were exposed to four pairs of hedonically contrasted odors. A control stimulus was presented before each odorant. Five emotional responses, one physiological reaction (nausea reactions), and three responses reflecting approach toward or avoidance of the stimulus were recorded throughout the duration of the stimulus exposure. The participants’ global mood status was measured before the start of the research with the French version of the Mood, Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire (Ross and Oliver, 2003).ResultsThe results show that when exposed to pleasant odorants, participants kept their heads aligned with the odorant source longer, smiled longer, and produced more positive vocalizations. In contrast, unpleasant odorants elicit more pouts and grimaces. Nausea reactions occurred in the presence of unpleasant odorants. The hedonic responses were more marked during the second presentation of the stimuli. Participants with a higher MIPQ score showed significantly more emotional reactions to odors.ConclusionThe results confirm the presence of olfactory preferences in participants with PIMD and the existence of a link between their mood, emotions and olfactory hedonic processing. They prompt the use of odors to support not only the cognitive development of this population, but also their mood and their emotional regulation abilities.

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Section: Participants Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participants Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Odor hedonic responses in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

De Blasio,

Dind,

Petitpierre

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Moreover, one-third of people with cerebral palsy, accounting for most people with SMD, have speech/language/communication disorders triggered by sensory disturbances, such as disturbances to the visual and auditory senses [4,5]. Therefore, the majority of SMD use nonverbal means (e.g., line of sight, facial expression, phonation, and movement) to express their emotions and responses, and their caregivers are required to understand these nonverbal expressions to communicate with them [6][7][8]. However, nonverbal expressions are not easy to understand for caregivers; for example, previous studies have reported that communication with people with cerebral palsy is not understandable at 67% of the occasions, even by the familiarized caregivers [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing eye-gaze positions of people with severe motor dysfunction: Novel scoring metrics using eye-tracking and video analysis

et al. 2022

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Nonverbal communication with people who have physical disabilities is difficult. Eye-tracking technologies have recently been developed and applied to help people with physical disabilities in their communication. However, the eye-gaze patterns of people with severe motor dysfunction (SMD) have not been analyzed in detail. To clarify characterization of people with SMD, we aimed to develop gaze position-based evaluation metrics and analyze detailed eye-gaze patterns of people with SMD. We developed two new scoring metrics: (1) saliency score based on three saliency maps—spectral residual (SR), fine grained (FG), and motion (Mo); and (2) the distance score, which represents to what extent people can chase an object in a video. The evaluation was performed on 102 participants, consisting of 35 subjects with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD; SMD with IQ < 20), 19 with severe physical disabilities (SPD; SMD with IQ ≥ 20), and 48 healthy individuals. We observed that two saliency scores (SR and FG) and the distance score showed significant differences between the PIMD/SPD and healthy groups for the entire video, whereas Mo scores did not. Moreover, the distance score was analyzed separately for each scene, where scenes were categorized into three patterns—running, explanation, and hiding—according to the behavior of the moving objects. In the SPD and healthy groups, the explanation scenes accounted for the highest percentage of all scenes with the best distance score (63.6% and 61.9%, respectively), whereas in the PIMD group, the running scenes accounted for the highest percentage (54.5%). In conclusion, the new metrics were successful in quantitatively assessing the gaze responsiveness of people with SMD, which could not be assessed using a conventional metric, gaze-acquisition time. This study is expected to expand the possibilities of nonverbal communication using eye-tracking devices for people with SMD.

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“…Observations about olfactory functioning in people with PIMD are nevertheless anecdotal. Roemer et al ( 2018 ) found that people with PIMD use the sense of smell least of all the senses. An explanation for the lack of studies on olfaction in people with PIMD lies in the fact that conducting experimental studies involving this population is very challenging (Maes et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odour detection in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Petitpierre

Dind

Blasio

et al. 2021

Research Intellect Disabil

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Background: Olfaction provides information on very important dimensions of the environment; however the olfactory abilities of children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) remain largely unknown.This within-subjects study explores olfactory detection abilities in children with PIMD.Method: Twenty-two children and young people with PIMD (7-18 years) were presented with 18 medium intensity odours and an odourless control stimulus. Odorants were presented one by one in a randomised order. The neutral stimulus was presented prior to each odorant. Participants' responses were measured using 21 behavioural indicators.Results: Results show that participants make a clear distinction between odorous and neutral conditions, between food and non-food, and between pleasant and unpleasant odours. The detection abilities are manifested by several behaviours, in particular by the duration of the head alignment on the odorant. Conclusions:This study shows that participants detect the stimuli and act differently depending on the category.

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Identifying perception behaviours in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Abstract: Close observation using an observation ethogram provides insight into how people with PIMD perceive their environment.

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Odor hedonic responses in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Odor hedonic responses in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Characterizing eye-gaze positions of people with severe motor dysfunction: Novel scoring metrics using eye-tracking and video analysis

Odour detection in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

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