Identifying School Challenges Following Concussion: Psychometric Evidence for the Concussion Learning Assessment &amp; School Survey, 3rd Ed. (CLASS-3)

Gioia, Gérard A.; Babikian, Talin; Barney, Bradley J.; Chrisman, Sara P D; Cook, Lawrence J.; Didehbani, Nyaz; Richards, Rachel; Sady, Maegan; Stolz, Erin; Vaughan, Christopher G.; Rivara, Frederick; Giza, Christopher C.

doi:10.1007/s40817-020-00092-5

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…One month after enrollment, patients were emailed a unique link to complete the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric-25 Profile v2.0, 24 which measures HRQoL through 6 domains: depression/sadness, anxiety/fear, mobility, pain interference, fatigue, and peer relationships. Patients with concussion also completed a modified Concussion Learning Assessment and School Survey (CLASS) 25 to evaluate effects of concussion on school performance. The 1-month follow-up was modeled after a previous study, which evaluated HRQoL among different injury types.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Injury Type on Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Verma,

DeMaio,

Render

et al. 2024

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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Objective: The relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and injury type has not been analyzed for young athletes. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in HRQoL between injured athletes, injured nonathletes, and normative data for healthy youth (NDHY) or among athletes with acute, overuse, or concussion injuries. Design: Cross-sectional clinical cohort. Setting: Primary care sports medicine clinics at 3 academic institutions. Participants: Patients aged 8 to 18 years presenting with injury. Independent Variables: Injury type and athletic participation. Main Outcome Measures: Health-related quality of life measured 1 month after injury through the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric-25 v2.0 assessed pain interference, peer relationships, depression, fatigue, anxiety, and mobility. One-way analysis of variance was performed with P values of <0.05 considered significant. Concussion Learning Assessment and School Survey (CLASS) evaluated academic performance. Results: Three hundred fifty-seven patients (36% male), with average age of 14.2 years, completed HRQoL and CLASS surveys following injury. There were 196 overuse injuries (55%), 119 acute injuries (33%), and 42 concussions (12%). Ninety-four percent were athletes. Six percent were nonathletes; 90.5% of concussed patients reported grades worsening. Concussed athletes reported more fatigue (P = 0.008) compared with other injury types but no worse than NDHY. Athletes with overuse injuries had lower mobility (P = 0.005) than other injury types and NDHY. Patients with lower HRQoL were female, older age, or required surgery. No other domains had significant differences by injury type nor did HRQoL differ between the athletes, nonathletes, and NDHY. Conclusions: With the exception of injuries requiring surgery, HRQoL of injured young athletes was similar to NDHY in most domains.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Injury Type on Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Verma,

DeMaio,

Render

et al. 2024

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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“…New or worsening school problems were assessed as part of the Concussion Learning Assessment and School Survey (CLASS) questionnaire ( Gioia et al, 2020 ) at baseline, three months, and 12 months after study entry. The CLASS was completed by parents to assess the youth’s academic functioning following concussion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physician recommended school accommodations and student outcomes following a mild traumatic brain injury among youth with persistent post-concussive symptoms

Takagi-Stewart

Johnson²,

Smith

et al. 2022

NRE

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BACKGROUND: Post-concussion return-to-learn (RTL) guidelines include implementation of school accommodations. Yet, little is known about physician recommendations for school accommodations and their impact, particularly among youth experiencing persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS). OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between physician recommended school accommodations and student outcomes among youth experiencing PPCS. METHODS: Data from a randomized comparative effectiveness trial was used. Physician recommended school accommodations (≤90 days post-injury) were collected via chart abstraction. Grade point average was extracted from school records. Reports of problems at school, concussion symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were collected by survey (at baseline, three months, and 12 months post study entry). RESULTS: Of 200 participants (Mage = 14.7, 62% female), 86% were recommended school accommodations. Number of recommended school accommodations was positively associated with number of school problems at three months (aRR 1.18, 95% CI:1.12–1.24) and 12 months (aRR 1.11, 95% CI:1.05–1.18). No significant associations were found between recommended school accommodations and GPA, HRQOL, anxiety symptoms, or depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians recommend more school accommodations for students experiencing more school problems post-concussion. Appropriate implementation of RTL recommendations made by physicians by fostering partnerships among physicians, students, and schools may be needed to achieve student-centered RTL.

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“…The Concussion Learning Assessment and School Survey (CLASS) is a questionnaire completed by parents to assess academic functioning following concussion 8,16 . This scale assesses (1) parent concern for the effect of the concussion on school learning and performance (response options: none, mild, moderate, high); (2) perceived impact of injury and symptoms on academic performance; (3) new or worsening school problems (eg, cannot pay attention in class, difficulty taking notes, difficulty understanding material, difficulty studying for tests, homework is taking longer, headaches interfering, too tired, and other).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Collaborative Care for Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms on Academic Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Rivara

Marcynyszyn²,

Wang

et al. 2021

Journal of School Health

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BACKGROUND There is limited long‐term data on the course of school‐related problems and academic needs for youth with persistent post‐concussive symptoms (PPCS). METHODS This was a randomized trial comparing collaborative care to usual care for 200 youth 11–18 years of age with PPCS. In this report, the main outcomes were academic functioning, GPA, school absences, date of return to school, and school days missed. RESULTS Youth were mean age of 14.7 (SD = 1.7), 62.0% female. New or worsening academic problems occurred in half of participants in both groups at 12 months after injury. Students were most concerned about grades and falling behind. There were no significant differences by study group on school problems or GPA, but number of days missed was lower in the collaborative care group compared at 3 months (12.5 [SD = 14.5] vs 16.1 days [20.4] adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.67 [95% CI: 0.61, 0.74; p < .001]), 6 months (14.5 [22.1] vs 19.3 [26.6] aRR 0.77 [95% CI: 0.71, 0.84; p < .001]), and 12 months (16.9 [25.4] vs 19.6 [27.7], aRR 0.68 [95% CI: 0.62, 0.74; p < .001]). CONCLUSIONS Youth with PPCS are at high risk of school problems in the year after injury.

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Identifying School Challenges Following Concussion: Psychometric Evidence for the Concussion Learning Assessment & School Survey, 3rd Ed. (CLASS-3)

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

The Effects of Injury Type on Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

The Effects of Injury Type on Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Physician recommended school accommodations and student outcomes following a mild traumatic brain injury among youth with persistent post-concussive symptoms

Effect of Collaborative Care for Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms on Academic Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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