Identifying sensitive windows of airborne lead exposure associated with behavioral outcomes at age 12

Rasnick, Erika; Ryan, Patrick; Bailer, A. John; Fisher, Thomas J.; Parsons, Patrick J.; Yolton, Kimberly; Newman, Nicholas; Lanphear, Bruce P.; Brokamp, Cole

doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000144

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A similar study was conducted in one local area of India of school-age children constantly exposed to lead. The authors of this study reported elevated BLLs, which were far above the recommended standard in these children compared to other children [ 52 ].…”

Section: Lead Exposure: Low- and Middle-income Countries Versus High-...mentioning

confidence: 79%

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Potential Health Risks of Lead Exposure from Early Life through Later Life: Implications for Public Health Education

Olufemi

Mji

Mukhola

2022

IJERPH

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Lead (Pb) exposure has been a serious environmental and public health problem throughout the world over the years. The major sources of lead in the past were paint and gasoline before they were phased out due to its toxicity. Meanwhile, people continue to be exposed to lead from time to time through many other sources such as water, food, soil and air. Lead exposure from these sources could have detrimental effects on human health, especially in children. UNICEF reported that approximately 800 million children have blood lead levels (BLLs) at or above 5 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) globally. This paper reports on the potential risks of lead exposure from early life through later life. The articles used in this study were searched from databases such as Springer, Science Direct, Hindawi, MDPI, Google Scholar, PubMed and other academic databases. The levels of lead exposure in low income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) were reported, with the former being more affected. The intake of certain nutrients could play an essential role in reducing (e.g., calcium and iron) or increasing (e.g., high fat foods) lead absorption in children. Elevated blood lead levels may disturb the cells’ biological metabolism by replacing beneficial ions in the body such as calcium, magnesium, iron and sodium. Once these ions are replaced by lead, they can lead to brain disorders, resulting in reduced IQ, learning difficulties, reduced attention span and some behavioral problems. Exposure to lead at an early age may lead to the development of more critical problems later in life. This is because exposure to this metal can be harmful even at low exposure levels and may have a lasting and irreversible effect on humans. Precautionary measures should be put in place to prevent future exposure. These will go a long way in safeguarding the health of everyone, most especially the young ones.

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Section: Lead Exposure: Low- and Middle-income Countries Versus High-...mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Rasnick et al [ 52 ] studied the health effects of lead exposure on 263 children. They found out that exposure to lead from the air was responsible for different health and behavioral problems such as increased anxiety, aggression and attention problems observed among these children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Health Risks of Lead Exposure from Early Life through Later Life: Implications for Public Health Education

Olufemi

Mji

Mukhola

2022

IJERPH

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“…Eight longitudinal, and 6 cross-sectional studies from Lithuania, China, Korea, Iran, Canada, USA, and the UK (n=45,607) explored the influence of air particulate matter on behavioural outcomes in typically developing children [27,100,109,110,119,130,131,133,136,137,[139][140][141][142][143]. One study was rated as high RoB [140], one as unclear RoB [131], and the remaining as low RoB.…”

Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study by Loftus et al, 2020 [139] explored the influence of exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) on parent reported child aggressive behaviours but it did not show a significant association (Very Low quality). Ambient air lead exposure (PbA) ) was associated with high parent-reported externalising behaviour ( [142], Very Low quality).…”

Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Physical Environment and Externalising Problems in Typically Developing and Neurodiverse Children and Young People: A Narrative Review

Baird¹,

Candy²,

Flouri³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The physical environment is of critical importance to child development. Understanding how exposure to domains of the physical environment such as greenspace, urbanicity, air pollution or noise affects externalising problems in typical and neurodiverse children is of particular importance given the significant long-term impact of those problems. In this narrative review we investigated the evidence for domains of the physical environment that may ameliorate or contribute to the display of externalising behaviours. We have considered a broad range of study designs that include typically developing and neurodiverse children and young people aged 0-18 years. We used the GRADE system to appraise the evidence. Searches were performed in 8 databases in July 2020 and updated in June 2022. Additional articles were further identified by hand-searching reference lists of included papers. The protocol for the review was preregistered with PROSPERO. Results: We retrieved 7174 studies of which 67 are included in this review. The studies reported on green space, environmental noise and music, air pollution, meteorological effects, spatial density, urban or rural setting, and home elements (e.g., damp/sensory aspects/colour). They all used well validated parent and child reported measures of externalising problems. Most of the studies were rated as having high or probably high risk of bias. Greenspace rurality and interior design had most evidence, although the certainty of the association was low. As expected, noise, air pollution, urbanicity, spatial density, colour and humidity appeared to increase the display of externalising behaviours. There was a dearth of studies on the role of the physical environment in neurodiverse children. The studies were heterogeneous and measured a range of externalising behaviours from symptoms to full syndromes. Greenspace exposure was the most common domain studied but certainty of evidence for the association between environmental exposures and externalising problems in the child or young person was low across all domains. We found a large knowledge gap in the literature concerning neurodiverse children, which suggests that future studies should focus on these children, who are also more likely to experience adverse early life experiences including living in more deprived environments as well as being highly vulnerable to the onset of mental ill health. Such research should also aim to dis-aggregate the mechanisms of action for both environmental influences on the externalising problems the results of which may point to pathways for public health interventions and policy development to address inequities that can be relevant to ill health in neurodiverse young people.

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“…Even within the developmental literature, there are mixed results: some studies suggest prenatal through adolescent exposure is linked to more internalizing problems (Margolis et al, 2016;Brokamp et al, 2019;Brunst et al, 2019;B. Fan et al, 2019;Rasnick et al, 2021;Yolton et al, 2019), where others have failed to find an association (Jorcano et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2019). One potential limitation of many of these studies is a large age range over which links between exposure and mental health are assessed, which may fail to capture age-specific or nonlinear effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution and emotional behavior in adolescents across the U.S.

Campbell

Cotter

Bottenhorn

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Recent studies have linked air pollution to increased risk for behavioral problems during development, albeit with inconsistent findings. Additional longitudinal studies are needed that consider how emotional behaviors may be affected when exposure coincides with the transition to adolescence, a vulnerable time for developing mental health difficulties. This study examines how annual average PM2.5 and NO2 exposure at ages 9 to 10 years relates to internalizing and externalizing behaviors over a 2 year follow up period in a large, nationwide U.S. sample of participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Air pollution exposure was estimated based on the residential address of each participant using an ensemble-based modeling approach. Caregivers answered questions from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at baseline and annually for two follow up sessions for a total of 3 waves of data; from the CBCL we obtained scores on internalizing and externalizing problems plus 5 syndrome scales (anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, rule-breaking behavior, aggressive behavior, and attention problems). Zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to examine both the main effect of age as well as the interaction of age with each pollutant on behavior while adjusting for various socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Overall, the pollution effects moderated the main effects of age with higher levels of PM2.5 and NO2 leading to an even greater likelihood of having no behavioral problems (i.e., score of zero) with age over time, as well as fewer problems when problems are present as the child ages. Albeit this was on the order equal to or less than a 1 point change. Thus, one year of annual exposure at 9 to 10 years is linked with very small change in emotional behaviors in early adolescence, which may be of little clinical relevance.

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Identifying sensitive windows of airborne lead exposure associated with behavioral outcomes at age 12

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Potential Health Risks of Lead Exposure from Early Life through Later Life: Implications for Public Health Education

Potential Health Risks of Lead Exposure from Early Life through Later Life: Implications for Public Health Education

The Association Between Physical Environment and Externalising Problems in Typically Developing and Neurodiverse Children and Young People: A Narrative Review

Air pollution and emotional behavior in adolescents across the U.S.

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