Identifying sources of salinization using hydrochemical and isotopic techniques, Konarsiah, Iran

Zareị, Mehdi; Raeisi, Ezzat; Merkel, Broder J.; Kummer, Nicolai-Alexeji

doi:10.1007/s12665-012-2143-8

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Otherwise, where the brine flow direction in the diapir is away from an aquifer, there is no or slight impact on the water quality of that aquifer. Zarei et al (2013) found that the Konarsiah diapir has no impact on the Firozabad alluvial aquifer in the north of the diapir because the flow direction of the diapir brine is southward and no brine flows toward the Firozabad aquifer (Figure 9a). In contrast, the Konarsiah alluvial aquifer located south of the diapir is severely influenced by the diapir because the saline spring of Talkhab with water type of sodium chloride and salinity of 25,800 mg/L emerges in the central section of this alluvial aquifer.…”

Section: Flow Direction Of Brine In the Salt Diapirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that the surface runoff from the Korsiah diapir deteriorates the quality of groundwater in the Darab aquifer. The effects of the Konarsiah salt diapir on the adjoining karstic and alluvial aquifers have been studied by Zarei et al (). They documented how the Konarsiah diapir brine flows into the adjacent aquifers and estimated the contribution of the diapir brine in degrading water quality of the adjacent aquifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Governing the Impact of Emerged Salt Diapirs on Water Resources

Zareị

2015

Groundwater

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Salt diapirs in southern Iran are typically in contact with karstic and alluvial aquifers and consequently they are the most likely sources of groundwater salinization in this arid region. However, there are some salt diapirs that have no significant degradation effect on adjacent aquifers. Assessments of 62 of 122 Iranian-emerged salt diapirs based on geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological, and hydrochemical investigations indicated that 45% of the studied salt diapirs did not have a negative impact on surrounding water resources, whereas 55% of the salt diapirs have degraded water quality of adjacent aquifers. The impacts ranged from low- to high-grade salinization. We characterize here four major factors that control the impact of salt diapirs on surrounding water resources: (1) the evolutionary stage of the diapir, (2) the geological and (3) hydrogeological setting of the diapir, and (4) human activities. Identification of the major factors governing the influence of salt diapirs on the adjacent aquifers is necessary to understand the mechanism of salt diapir impact on adjacent aquifers, and subsequently to decide how to mitigate the deteriorating effect of the diapirs on the surrounding water resources.

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Section: Flow Direction Of Brine In the Salt Diapirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Governing the Impact of Emerged Salt Diapirs on Water Resources

Zareị

2015

Groundwater

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“…Predicting the location and quality of groundwater in such environments is difficult unless an understanding is achieved of the source of salts in such water, and of the chemical processes that modify its composition through time. Salt sources, and the means of producing saline groundwater, have been discussed earlier (Beeftink and Nieuwenhuize 1986;Lee 2010;Mori 1985;Polemio et al 2008;Wurbs et al 1993;Zarei et al 2013Zarei et al , 2014 and others. The principal sources of salts in any continental area are (1) sea water stranded in internal basins by marine regressions; (2) connate water of marine origin released by weathering from the pores of marine sediments; (3) cyclic salt-marine aerosols formed at sea or the coastline and blown inshore; (4) rock weathering with evaporites, sulfides, carbonates, igneous and metamorphic rocks as the major source, and clastic sediments as a minor source because they have passed through the weathering cycle at least once; and (5) volcanic exhalatives and hydrothermal convection (Arthur et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Salinization of groundwater in arid and semiarid regions, as a limiting factor of use, has a strategic importance (Zarei et al 2013). The largest source of Cl -in the Earth's crust is the mineral halite in evaporate deposits, which formed over geologic time by the evaporation of seawater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water quality of aquifers is deteriorated in Iran by several sources. These include 130 exposed salt diapirs (Talbot and Alavi 1996), the existence of salt-basins Gachsaran formation with extensive thickness of halite, the evaporation from shallow water tables, and the presence of numerous geothermal springs (Zarei et al 2013). This study attempts to investigate the main processes controlling the groundwater hydrochemistry in Dashtestan plain, in SW of Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater quality assessment in Bushehr Province, SW Iran

et al. 2015

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The chemical quality of groundwater of Bushehr, southwest of Iran, was assessed for its suitability for drinking purposes. Hydro-geochemical studies were carried out in this area to identify the geochemical processes and their relation to groundwater quality. A total of 19 water samples were collected from the aquifer. The samples were then analyzed for different physicochemical properties, such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride concentrations. In this study, the average TDS content was in the range of 4419-10,066 mg l/l, and other important parameters of water, such as TH (1200-3500 mg l/1) and chloride (1046-3855 mg l/1), were also higher than the maximum permissible limits specified by WHO. On the basis of concentrations of major elements, studies of the study area showed that the total samples collected are unsuitable for drinking. Linear increase in sodium and chloride of the total dissolved ion indicated a dissolution of halite in the study area. Salinity of the aquifer is mainly a result of the Dalaki River recharge, dissolution of evaporated minerals intraformation, and also agricultural returned water. The dissolution of evaporite minerals, such as halite and gypsum, has increased the concentration of total dissolved solids and of sulfate in the Shahpour River and also groundwater entering the study area has caused salinity in this river.

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Salt dome related soil salinity in southern Iran: Prediction and mapping with averaging machine learning models

Abedi¹,

Amirian‐Chakan

Faraji³

et al. 2020

Land Degrad Dev

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In order to manage soil salinity effectively, it is necessary to understand the origin and the spatial distribution of salinity. There are about 120 salt dome outcrops in southern Iran and little is known about their contribution as the potential sources of salts and the spatial pattern of salts around them. Six machine learning algorithms were applied to model topsoil electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in the Darab Plain (surrounded by six salt domes), Fars Province. Decision trees (DT), k‐nearest neighbours (kNN), support vector machines (SVM), Cubist, random forests (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were used as primary models and the Granger–Ramanathan (GR) method was used to combine the predictions of these models. The results showed that remotely sensed data contributed more to predict EC and SAR than terrain‐based data. In terms of root mean square errors (RMSE), Cubist followed by the RF model, tended to give the best estimates of EC, whereas for SAR, RF performed best and was followed closely by SVM and Cubist. Compared to the primary models, the GR method on average resulted in a decrease of 6.1% and 3.9% in RMSE and an increase of 10% and 10.9% in R2 for EC and SAR, respectively. The spatial pattern of SAR and EC suggested that the contribution of salt domes in soil salinization varied significantly according to their hydraulic behaviour in relation to adjacent aquifers and their activity. In general, the model averaging approach showed the potential to improve the estimates of EC and SAR.

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Identifying sources of salinization using hydrochemical and isotopic techniques, Konarsiah, Iran

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

Factors Governing the Impact of Emerged Salt Diapirs on Water Resources

Factors Governing the Impact of Emerged Salt Diapirs on Water Resources

Hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater quality assessment in Bushehr Province, SW Iran

Salt dome related soil salinity in southern Iran: Prediction and mapping with averaging machine learning models

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