Identifying the Core Indicators of Migrant and Refugee Children’s Integration Using the Delphi Method: A Multi-Input Strategy for Definition of Consensus

Abstract

This paper presents the Delphi methodology employed to select a final dashboard of 30 indicators on the socio-educative inclusion of refugee and migrant children in Europe. Firstly, a procedure for identifying Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was carried out, including a specialized scientific literature review, the mapping of previous indicators, and qualitative workshops with key stakeholders at micro, meso, and macro levels in six countries. Then, a Delphi design was implemented to assess, rate, and provide meaningful qualitative improvements to a pool of pre-selected indicators. The Delphi methodology involved a group of international experts on the matters of inclusive education or migration, researchers, NGOs, and public officers. As an alternative to traditional "benchmark-based" consensus, we introduced the use of a) the CARA model and b) an alternative multi-input and mixed-method consensus-building procedure. The results provided a significant contribution to qualitative methods on the one hand and to migration and integration literature on the other. The methodological innovations, the diversity of experts' perspectives involved in the process, and the structured nature of the method constituted significant advantages to improve the robustness of the Delphi methodology for selecting and validating indicators. Future research involving a Delphi methodology can benefit from applying the present procedure.

Developing key indicators for sustainable food system: a comprehensive application of stakeholder consultations and Delphi method

“…With extensive reviews of available food system indicators, we selected and applied items that are applicable to the Thai context to fit with the Gustafson framework. Then, we deployed the three-round Delphi method-a common and reliable tool utilized widely for developing indicators and policy planning (Freitas et al, 2018;Tudisca et al, 2018;Musa et al, 2019;Bajo Marcos et al, 2023). With this method, we developed a food system indicator specific to Thailand.…”

Investigando el bienestar de los niños y niñas migrantes

“…For instance, the most relevant indicator systems are the Zaragoza indicators, the OECD socio-economic indicators, the PISA socio-educational indicators, and the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). Although these sets of indicators provide practical comparative perspectives across countries in the European region, they were designed to reflect adult realities, overlooking children's perspectives, experience and definition of integration (Bajo Marcos et al, 2023). Moreover, most frameworks were not built to provide a comprehensive overview of all dimensions of integration, limiting their scope to the legislative, the socio-demographic, the economic or the educational dimensions.…”

“…The Dashboard of 30 indicators came as a result of qualitative research inputs 2 , a literature review, and a content (Delphi study) and ecological (CARA methodology) validation process (Bajo Marcos et al, 2023), encompassing a co-creation method to collect the perspectives and acknowledge the agency of all relevant stakeholders, including children. The Dashboard measured personal and situational factors and incorporated stakeholders' points of view and needs.…”

Sense of place attitudes on Quality of life outcomes among urban dwellers nearby the Danube river in Budapest, Vienna, and Bratislava

“…Delphi panels typically consist of experts in a particular field or topic, and their knowledge and expertise can provide valuable insights into complex issues. By obtaining input from multiple experts, the Delphi method can help to identify a range of potential outcomes or solutions (Mukherjee et al, 2015., Bajo Marcos et al, 2023. Moreover, Delphi panels typically operate anonymously, which can help to reduce biases and groupthink that can arise in face-toface meetings.…”