Identifying the effect of aromatic compounds on the combustion characteristics of crude coconut oil droplet

Abstract

For now, energy sources uses are still dominated by fossil fuels, whose availability is limited and continues to decline. Therefore, new alternative energy is needed to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Crude vegetable oil is one alternative energy source that can be utilized as a substitute for fossil fuels because vegetable oil has a composition almost similar to fossil fuel. Crude coconut oil is an alternative to biodiesel to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. The combustion reaction of crude coconut oil is tricky because it has bonds saturated chain, so a substance is needed to weaken the carbon chain to increase the burning rate. The burning rate of coconut oil droplets has been investigated experimentally by adding clove oil and eucalyptus oil bio-additives. Tests were carried out with single droplets suspended on a thermocouple at atmospheric pressure and room temperature and ignited with a hot wire. The addition of clove oil and eucalyptus oil as bio-additives in crude coconut oil was 100 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively. The suspended droplet combustion method was chosen to increase the contact area between the air and fuel so that the reactivity of the fuel molecules increases. The results showed that the eugenol compounds in clove oil and cineol compounds in eucalyptus oil were both aromatic and had an unsymmetrical carbon chain geometry structure. Therefore, this factor has the potential to accelerate the occurrence of effective collisions between fuel molecules; thus, the fuel is flammable, as evidenced by the increased burning rate. Moreover, from the observations, it was found that the highest burning rate was achieved in both bio-additives with a concentration of 300 ppm

Impact of Nanoparticles as a Homogeneous Catalyst in Ignition Characteristics of Waste Plastic Oil

“…Furthermore, the excellent superconducting properties of GrO as a catalyst can be attributed to its ability to absorb IR thermal energy, which is indicative of its strong magnetic properties. This can be attributed to the composition of GrO, consisting of carbon atoms with sp2 orbitals that form a hexagonal carbon chain bonded to each other through hydroxyl groups [14]- [16].…”

Characterizing of Nano Activated Bio-Carbon of Sago Waste as a Homogeneous Combustion Catalyst

“…Therefore, solutions and policies are needed to provide environmentally friendly, natural-based alternative fuels that can be obtained using a simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly process. However, crude coconut oil (CCO) is one of the natural ingredients that has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel [6]- [8]. Meanwhile, its saturated and stiff nature makes the viscosity and flash point high so that the fuel is difficult to burn and even worsens the performance of the fuel, which is characterized by a decrease in the combustion rate and a long burning lifetime [9]- [11].…”

“…On the other hand, various studies have been conducted to reduce the adverse effects of exhaust gas pollutants and improve engine performance, including exhaust modification (muffler), engine geometry, and fuel engineering [12]- [15]. Fuel engineering has become one of the solutions that can be taken by adding catalysts to CCO, and several previous studies have proven that CCO has excellent potential to be used as an alternative fuel when mixed with catalysts [6], [16]- [20]. In addition, previous studies also used various types of nanoparticle catalysts used, including: Rhodium [21], platinum [22], aluminium oxides, magnesium oxides [23], copper , iron , aluminium, cobalt, boron, silver, cerium oxide [24], graphene and graphene oxide [25], [26] have been recently used in biodiesel fuel blends.…”

“…Therefore, this research uses natural bio-materials as a biocatalyst, namely sago waste characterized and activated with ethanol, to become nano activated bio-carbon (NABc). The choice of NABc as a catalyst is due to its unique structure, composed of carbon chains, hydroxyl groups (OH), and aromatic rings, which have great potential to improve fuel performance [6], [28]. In addition, using micron-sized particles in fuel can cause aggregation and clustering in the fuel due to differences in mass and volume [29], thus dispersing micron-sized particles into liquid fuel [30].…”

“…In addition, when activated carbon is at nano size, its aromatic ring triggers it's natural properties, namely excitation and electron transfer [34]. In addition, the presence of hydroxyl groups (OH) in NABc has the potential to form water molecules that can be used as coolants in the combustion chamber to produce environmentally friendly combustion products by reducing levels of exhaust emissions such as CO, NOx, sulfur dioxide, CO2, and smoke [6]. Therefore, based on these advantages of NABc, this research aims to reveal the role of NABc on fuel physicochemical properties, heat transfer characteristics, and their effect on fuel ignition characteristics.…”