Identifying the Mental Health Profiles of Black Adolescents Who Experience School Policing and School Discipline: A Person-Centered Approach

Perryman, Collin; Platt, C. Spencer; Ishino, Francisco Alejandro Montiel

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2021.11.029

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since 2020, several studies have documented associations between personal encounters with the police and negative mental health outcomes in multiple populations (Table 3) [29,33,38,61–64,65 ▪▪ ,66–70,71 ▪ ,72,73 ▪▪ ]. Remch et al [65 ▪▪ ] found that in a longitudinal cohort of Black MSM ( n = 1155), those who experienced police harassment in the past 6 months had a 1.63 (95% CI 1.32–2.02) times higher rate of psychological distress, but not a higher rate of depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Police Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies investigated the impact of vicarious police encounters, that is witnessing other people's encounters with police (Table 3) [66,71 ▪ ,72,73 ▪▪ ,74 ▪ ]. These studies all focused on adolescents, and all found associations between witnessing police encounters and poor mental health.…”

Section: Police Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed categorization of exposure was an important contribution of this study; however, outcome reports were short selfreported scales, with limited granularity. In another study, Perryman et al[71…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…[66,71 These studies all focused on adolescents, and all found associations between witnessing police encounters and poor mental health. Using data on 1488 adolescents in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, Jackson et al[74 & ] found that witnessing more intrusive encounters, including use of physical force and arrests, was associated with elevated emotional distress and diminished mental wellbeing, relative to those witnessing less intrusive encounters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Race, criminalization and urban mental health in the United States

Pamplin¹,

Kelsall²,

Keyes³

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Purpose of reviewAs efforts to increase policing and roll back criminal legal system reforms in major U.S. cities rise, the collateral consequences of increased criminalization remain critical to document. Although the criminalization of mental illness has been well studied in the U.S., the mental health effects of criminalization are comparatively under-researched. In addition, despite extreme racial disparities in U.S. policing, there is limited understanding of how criminalization may contribute to racial disparities in mental health.Recent findingsLiterature included in this review covers various types of criminalization, including direct and indirect impacts of incarceration, criminalization of immigration, first-hand and witnessed encounters with police, and the effects of widely publicized police brutality incidents. All forms of criminalization were shown to negatively impact mental health (depression, anxiety and suicidality), with evidence suggestive of disproportionate impact on Black people.SummaryThere is evidence of significant negative impact of criminalization on mental health; however, more robust research is needed to address the limitations of the current literature. These limitations include few analyses stratified by race, a lack of focus on nonincarceration forms of criminalization, few longitudinal studies limiting causal inference, highly selected samples limiting generalizability and few studies with validated mental health measures.

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Section: Police Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Police Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Race, criminalization and urban mental health in the United States

Pamplin¹,

Kelsall²,

Keyes³

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…More specifically, the influences of inequitable and unjust school‐resource officers (Weisburst, 2019; Whitaker et al, 2019), teachers, and school administrators (Appleseed Network, 2020) on discipline, suspension, and expulsion of Black youth have been shown to be significantly related to their perceptions of the school climate. But more importantly, evidence suggests these disciplinary practices have positive association with depression (Perryman et al, 2022). In addition, a Black and White gap in depression has been documented (Walsemann et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of school environment on depression among Black and White adolescents

Choi

Hong

Travis

et al. 2022

Journal Community Psychology

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While the school environment is critical for adolescents' psychological development, how the school environment influences depression among different racial groups has not been fully explored. This study aims to identify the effects of the school environment (school connectedness, school climates, trouble with peers and teachers) on depressive symptoms among Black and White adolescents. It also compares how the effects of school environments differ between Black and White adolescents. This study analyzed wave 6 of the Fragile Families and Child Well‐being Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study in 20 major cities across the United States. Almost three‐fourth (73.39%) of the adolescents were Black, and 26.61% were White. About half (50.46%) of the adolescents were females, and the mean age of adolescents was 15.39. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher school connectedness and less frequent troubles with teachers were associated with lower depression among Black adolescents. In contrast, only school connectedness was associated with depression among White adolescents. Higher school connectedness was associated with lower depressive symptoms for both Black and White adolescents. However, the magnitude of the effects of school connectedness was found to be statistically weaker among Black adolescents. These findings suggest a need for creating a racially equitable school environment that makes every student feel more connected to their schools, especially Black students.

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Statement on the effects of law enforcement in school settings

Tocci,

Stacy,

Siegal

et al. 2023

American J of Comm Psychol

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School‐based law enforcement (SBLE) have become increasingly common in U.S. schools over recent decades despite the controversy surrounding their presence and lack of consensus around their associated benefits and harms. Drawing on the history and evidence base regarding SBLE, we advocate for an end to SBLE programs. Grounding our argument in principles of Community Psychology and positive youth development, we outline how the presence and actions of SBLE negatively affect individual students as well as school systems, with particularly harmful outcomes for students with minoritized and marginalized identities. Research on SBLE and school crime does not provide consistent evidence of positive impacts, and many studies find null effects for the relationship between SBLE and school crime or increases in crime and violence in schools. Though funding for SBLE is often prompted by high‐profile acts of gun violence in schools, evidence suggests that SBLE neither prevents these incidents, nor lessens the severity when they do occur. Thus, we advocate for removing law enforcement from school settings and redirecting resources into inclusive, evidence‐informed responses that are generally safer and more effective than SBLE. We close by outlining the policy landscape governing SBLE programs and ways communities can lobby for change.

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Identifying the Mental Health Profiles of Black Adolescents Who Experience School Policing and School Discipline: A Person-Centered Approach

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Race, criminalization and urban mental health in the United States

Race, criminalization and urban mental health in the United States

Effects of school environment on depression among Black and White adolescents

Statement on the effects of law enforcement in school settings

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