Identifying the Pattern of Olfactory Deficits in Parkinson Disease Using the Brief Smell Identification Test

Double, Kay L.; Rowe, Dominic B.; Hayes, Michael; Chan, Daniel Kam Yin; Blackie, Jeff; Corbett, Alastair; Joffe, R; Fung, Victor S.C.; Morris, John G.; Halliday, Glenda M.

doi:10.1001/archneur.60.4.545

Cited by 152 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In contrast to this finding, Hawkes and Shephard (1993) suggested that PD patients might have a specific anosmia. Supporting these findings, Daum et al (2000), Double et al (2003), and Silveira-Moriyama et al (2005) obtained similar results to those of Hawkes and Shephard (1993). However according to one of the recent reports on PD and specific hyposmia/anosmia, Haehner et al (2013) showed that there is no specific hyposmia in PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Assessing Olfactory Function in Parkinson’s Disease via Entropy Analysis of Chemosensory Event Related Potentials

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Çakmur

et al. 2015

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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The relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and olfactory dysfunction has been investigated via psychophysical and electrophysiological assessments. Despite the increasing number of electrophysiological studies focusing on olfactory function, there are still some limitations to observe the chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP), which are electrophysiological responses of the brain to olfactory and trigeminal stimulations, because of the low sensitivity (low signal-to-noise ratio). Recent studies attempted to establish new techniques to increase the sensitivity for evaluating the CSERP and brain responsiveness. We aimed to inspect CSERP via entropy analysis in assessing chemosensory related brain responses that has been used for the first time. Twelve newly diagnosed and non-medicated PD patients and 12 healthy subjects participated in the study. Psychophysical and electrophysiological evaluation of olfaction were assessed via Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST) and entropy analysis on CSERP in three time windows. The scores of odor threshold, odor identification and total scores of SST were lower (hyposmic) in PD patients compared to healthy subjects. Electrophysiological assessments revealed a significant change in entropy among time windows for olfactory stimulation with phenyl ethyl alcohol and trigeminal stimulation with carbon dioxide (both p < 0.05) in healthy subjects but not in PD patients. Entropy findings indicate that the brain operates in ordered state among healthy subjects in response to olfactory/trigeminal stimuli, whereas the PD patients displayed a chaotic pattern. This pattern in the PD patients suggests the lack of proper smell function. It should be studied if this pattern can be used as a biomarker for PD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Assessing Olfactory Function in Parkinson’s Disease via Entropy Analysis of Chemosensory Event Related Potentials

Güdücü

Taşlıca

Çakmur

et al. 2015

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…The study done by Doty et al (1992) [15] also could not find relation between UPSIT score with stage of the patient. The study done by Double et al (2003) [11] reported no interaction between B-SIT score and PD severity. In their study, 16 of 20 patients (80%) of stage 1; 16 0f 20 patients (80%); and 8 of 9 patients (89%) had abnormal olfaction.…”

Section: Observations and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Olfactory function was assessed by means of odor detection, odor discrimination, and an odor identification task. Tests of olfaction are commonly based on total olfactory performance after exposure to multiple odors [11]. The nose was checked for patency and all patients had intact nasal passages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olfaction requires complex sensory-motor integration [9]. To date pathological changes in PD have been reported in various regions involved in olfactory function, including the anterior olfactory nucleus, the olfactory bulb, the periamygdaloid cortex, and the olfactory mucosa, as well as impairment in sniffing [11]. Olfactory bulb and tract are among the earliest brain regions affected by Lewy pathology.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Singh¹,

Krishana²,

Gupta³

2017

IJIMS

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“…Olfactory dysfunction might be selective for specific odors, as has been suggested in studies of the Caucasian population [22,23]. One previous study from Germany reported that licorice, banana, aniseed, pineapple, apple, and turpentine are the best odors for discriminating PD from controls [24], while an Australian study suggested that the five odors pineapple, banana, gasoline, smoke, and cinnamon have the best discriminatory value for PD [25]. One American study found that the three odors banana, licorice, and dill pickle have high accuracy for the diagnosis of PD [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with the LRRK2 G2385R Variant

Cao

et al. 2016

Neurosci. Bull.

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Olfactory dysfunction has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients carrying the LRRK2 G2019S variant in Caucasians but rarely in those with the LRRK2 G2385R variant. In this study, we performed genotyping for the LRRK2 G2385R variant in PD patients recruited from the Movement Disorder Clinic of Xuanwu Hospital in Beijing and in healthy controls randomly selected from the Beijing Longitudinal Study on Aging cohort. The ''five-odor olfactory detection array'', an olfactory threshold test, was used to assess olfactory function. One hundred and eighty-six participants were enrolled, comprising 43 PD patients without (iPD) and 25 with (LRRK2-PD) the LRRK2 G2385R variant, and 118 healthy controls. Our results showed that the threshold of olfactory identification was significantly worse in PD patients than in controls, but not significantly different between the iPD and LRRK2-PD groups. These findings suggested that although olfactory function in LRRK2-PD patients is impaired, it is similar to that in iPD patients.

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Identifying the Pattern of Olfactory Deficits in Parkinson Disease Using the Brief Smell Identification Test

Cited by 152 publications

References 24 publications

Assessing Olfactory Function in Parkinson’s Disease via Entropy Analysis of Chemosensory Event Related Potentials

Assessing Olfactory Function in Parkinson’s Disease via Entropy Analysis of Chemosensory Event Related Potentials

Assessment of Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with the LRRK2 G2385R Variant

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