Identifying the primary reactions and products of fast pyrolysis of alkali lignin

Supriyanto, Supriyanto; Usino, David O.; Ylitervo, Päivi; Dou, Jinze; Sipponen, Mika H.; Richards, Tobias

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104917

Cited by 35 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Studies show that late‐stage lignin catalytic conversion results in rich monomer yield of products [50–52] . Herein, our approach led to some of these monomers and also lignin dimers, which match those obtained from RCF, [51,53,54] comprising a low‐molecular‐weight and highly functional lignin oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin in a Biomass‐based Solvent**

et al. 2022

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Breaking down lignin into smaller units is the key to generate high value‐added products. Nevertheless, dissolving this complex plant polyphenol in an environment‐friendly way is often a challenge. Levulinic acid, which is formed during the hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic biomass, has been shown to efficiently dissolve lignin. Herein, levulinic acid was evaluated as a medium for the reductive electrochemical depolymerization of the lignin macromolecule. Copper was chosen as the electrocatalyst due to the economic feasibility and low activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction. After depolymerization, high‐resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed lignin‐derived monomers and dimers. A predominance of aryl ether and phenolic groups was observed. Depolymerized lignin was further evaluated as an anti‐corrosion coating, revealing enhancements on the electrochemical stability of the metal. Via a simple depolymerization process of biomass waste in a biomass‐based solvent, a straightforward approach to produce high value‐added compounds or tailored biobased materials was demonstrated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin in a Biomass‐based Solvent**

et al. 2022

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“…The carbon content (dry basis) is between 49 and 58%, which is in the range for typical pyrolysis liquids. 45 The GC-FID chromatograms for the pyrolysis liquid obtained at 475 °C show the presence of typical wood-derived low molecular weight compounds such as 1-hydroxy-2propanone, furfural, 2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one (from the cellulose/hemicellulose fraction), and phenolics like phenol and substituted phenols from the lignin fraction, 46 see Supporting Information (Table S2).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Staged Free-Fall Reactor for the (Catalytic) Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Waste Plastics

He,

Osorio Velasco,

Strien

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and waste plastics has been intensely studied in the last few decades to obtain renewable fuels and chemicals. Various pyrolysis devices have been developed for use in a laboratory setting, operated either in batch or continuously at scales ranging from milligrams per hour to tenths of g per hour. We report here the design and operation of a novel staged free-fall (catalytic) pyrolysis unit and demonstrate that the concept works very well for the (catalytic) pyrolysis of pinewood sawdust, paper sludge, and polypropylene as representative feeds. The unit consists of a vertical tube with a pretreatment section, a pyrolysis section, a solid residue collection section, a gas−liquid separation/collection section, and a catalytic reaction section to optionally perform ex situ catalytic upgrading of the pyrolysis vapor. The sample is placed in a tube, which is transported by gravity through various sections of the unit. It allows for rapid testing with semicontinuous feeding (e.g., 50 g h −1 ) and the opportunity to perform reactions under an (inert) gas (e.g., N 2 ) at atmospheric as well as elevated pressure (e.g., 50 bar). Liquid yields for noncatalytic sawdust pyrolysis at optimized conditions (475 °C and atmospheric pressure) were 63 wt % on biomass intake. A lower yield of 51 wt % (on a biomass basis) was obtained for the noncatalytic pyrolysis of paper sludge, likely due to the presence of minerals (e.g., CaCO 3 ) in the feed. The possibility of using the unit for ex situ catalytic pyrolysis (pyrolysis at 475 °C and catalytic upgrading at 550 °C) was also successfully demonstrated using paper sludge as the feed and H-ZSM-5 as the catalyst (21 wt % catalyst on biomass). This resulted in a biphasic liquid product with 25.6 wt % of an aqueous phase and 11 wt % of an oil phase. The yield of benzene, toluene, and xylenes was 1.9 wt % (on a biomass basis). Finally, the concept was also proven for a representative polyolefin (polypropylene), both noncatalytic as well as in situ catalytic pyrolysis using H-ZSM-5 as the catalyst at 500 °C. The liquid yield of thermal, noncatalytic plastic pyrolysis was as high as 77 wt % on plastic intake, while in situ catalytic pyrolysis gave a combined 7.8 wt % yield of benzene, toluene, and xylenes on plastic intake.

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“…Chloroform, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pellets, alkali lignin (CAS No. 8068-05, M̅ w is 5832 Da and polydispersity index is 4.18) and Nile Red dye were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further treatment. Nile Red was dissolved in ethanol (1 wt %) and stored in the fridge with no exposure to light.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Polylactide Reverse Emulsions for Water and UV-Resistant Composite Films

Yu,

Lu,

Guo

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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We use lignin's surface activity to stabilize reverse (water-in-oil) emulsions through interfacial interactions with an organic, continuous phase containing polylactide (PLA). The rheological features of the emulsions are easily tailored to develop biobased coatings on hydrophilic substrates (glass or paper). Significantly, upon drying, the bicomponent coatings are shown for their uniformity and mechanical integrity at lignin loadings as high as 95% (with PLA being the balance). Compared to a commercial sunscreen, the PLA-lignin film templated from the emulsion is notably more effective in the UV-A region. Hence, UV-blocking (lignin) and water resistance (PLA) properties are combined in a system of practical relevance. Meanwhile, the transparency of the film is maintained. This work offers a novel and facile approach to achieving homogeneous lignin-based composite coating, further advancing this biomacromolecule as a substitute for non-renewable counterparts.

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Identifying the primary reactions and products of fast pyrolysis of alkali lignin

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin in a Biomass‐based Solvent**

Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin in a Biomass‐based Solvent**

Novel Staged Free-Fall Reactor for the (Catalytic) Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Waste Plastics

Lignin-Polylactide Reverse Emulsions for Water and UV-Resistant Composite Films

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