“…The negative influence of UHI is extensively described in the literature. For example, UHI causes rises in energy demand ( Alghamdi and Moore, 2015 ), which implicitly leads to global climate change ( Alghamdi and Moore, 2015 ), environmental degradation ( Lin et al, 2017 ), air pollution ( L. Zhu et al, 2020 ), impact to human comfort and health ( Schwarz et al, 2011 ), and a degradation of ecosystem function ( Keeratikasikorn and Bonafoni, 2018 ). All of these also play a significant role in the rise in the rate of COVID-19 cases ( H. Li et al, 2020 ; Mukherjee and Debnath, 2020 ) and leads to heat-related deaths ( Cui and De Foy, 2012 ; Lowe, 2016 ).…”