Identity Dimensions and Related Processes in Emerging Adulthood: Helpful or Harmful?

Ritchie, Rachel; Meca, Alan; Madrazo, Vanessa L.; Schwartz, Seth J.; Hardy, Sam A.; Zamboanga, Byron L.; Weisskirch, Robert S.; Kim, Su Yeong; Whitbourne, Susan Krauss; Ham, Lindsay S.; Lee, Richard M.

doi:10.1002/jclp.21960

Cited by 74 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…As adopted individuals incorporate information into their own sense of self and explore different aspects of adoption, they may ruminate over a number of adoption-related domains. In nonadoptive samples, such identity-related rumination has been linked with depressive symptoms and other internalizing behavior problems (Luyckx et al, 2007; Luyckx et al, 2013; Ritchie et al, 2013). In a study of young adults who had been adopted internationally as infants from Greece to the Netherlands, negative appraisal of adoption was found to be associated with higher levels of psychological symptoms expressed on the SCL-90 (Storsbergen, Juffer, Van Son, & ‘t Hart (2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoptive identity and adjustment from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A person-centered approach.

Grotevant¹,

Lo²,

Fiorenzo³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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Adopted persons face special challenges in the development of identity, as aspects of their histories may be unknown, making it difficult to construct a coherent narrative linking past, present, and future. Extensive literature on adjustment outcomes for adopted persons indicates an elevated risk for adjustment problems. In this study, a low-risk sample of adopted youth is involved to examine, longitudinally, connections between adoptive identity and adjustment. Participants included 145 adopted youth who participated in Waves 2 (W2: adolescence: mean age = 15.7) and 3 (W3: emerging adulthood: mean age = 25.0) of a longitudinal study with a nationwide sample. Children were placed with same-race adoptive families (over 95% White) as infants through domestic private adoption agencies in the U.S. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors were assessed by the Youth Self Report (W2) and the Adult Self Report (W3). Adoptive identity was assessed by ratings of six dimensions coded from interviews which, using cluster analysis, revealed four adoptive identity subgroups: Unexamined, Limited, Unsettled, and Integrated. Factorial ANCOVA examined mean differences in W3 internalizing problems across identity clusters while controlling for W2 internalizing. The main effect for adoptive identity cluster was significant: F(3, 840.72) = 3.724, p = 0.011. Adopted adolescents in the Unsettled group had significantly higher levels of internalizing problems in emerging adulthood than persons in the Unexamined and Limited categories. A similar ANCOVA for W3 externalizing behavior was not significant. Identity profiles high in negative affect may be at particular risk of increased levels of internalizing problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoptive identity and adjustment from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A person-centered approach.

Grotevant¹,

Lo²,

Fiorenzo³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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“…In order to develop a cohesive and integrated sense of identity in these different realms, adolescents and emerging adults typically explore various roles and behaviors as they commit to their own unique identities. Exploration and subsequent commitment to unified adult identities has been associated with higher levels of psychological health and lower rates of health-related risk behaviors for various populations of adolescents and emerging adults (Duman, Ellis, & Wolfe, 2012; Ritchie, Meca, Medrazo, Schwartz, Hardy, Zamboanga et al, 2013; Rogers-Sirin & Gupta, 2013; Rotheram-Borus, 1989; Wiley & Berman, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Internet’s Multiple Roles in Facilitating the Sexual Orientation Identity Development of Gay and Bisexual Male Adolescents

et al. 2016

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One emerging avenue for the exploration of adolescents’ sexual orientation identity development is the Internet since it allows for varying degrees of anonymity and exploration. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the role of the Internet in facilitating the sexual orientation identity development process of gay and bisexual male adolescents. Qualitative interviews were conducted with an ethnically diverse sample of 63 gay/bisexual male adolescents (ages 15–23). Participants reported using a range of Internet applications as they explored and came to accept their sexual orientation identity, with the intended purpose and degree of anonymity desired determining which applications were used. Youth reported that the Internet provided a range of functions with regard to the exploration and acceptance of their sexual orientation identity, including: 1) increasing self awareness of sexual orientation identity; 2) learning about gay/bisexual community life; 3) communicating with other gay/bisexual people; 4) meeting other gay/bisexual people; 5) finding comfort and acceptance with sexual orientation; and 6) facilitating the coming out process. Future research and practice may explore the Internet as a platform for promoting the healthy development of gay and bisexual male adolescents by providing a developmentally and culturally appropriate venue for the exploration and subsequent commitment to an integrated sexual orientation identity.

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“…Such work has been done with models of identity derived from Erikson's theory (e.g., identity status; Marcia, 1966), but not with measures tapping directly into Erikson's concepts. A growing body of empirical studies, primarily conducted using the identity status model, indicates that developing a synthesized sense of identity facilitates well-being (Waterman, 2004(Waterman, , 2007 and protects against internalizing symptoms (Crocetti, Klimstra, Keijsers, Hale, & Meeus, 2009;Ritchie et al, 2013), externalizing problems (Crocetti, Klimstra, Hale, Koot, & Meeus, 2013), and health risk behaviors among college-aged populations. Because Erikson's concepts of synthesis and confusion tap directly into largely adaptive and largely maladaptive forms of identity, respectively, profiles extracted from measures of synthesis and confusion would provide an important opportunity to validate the patterns of findings obtained with other models of identity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity in young adulthood: Links with mental health and risky behavior

Schwartz

Hardy

Zamboanga

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology

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Identity Dimensions and Related Processes in Emerging Adulthood: Helpful or Harmful?

Cited by 74 publications

References 58 publications

Adoptive identity and adjustment from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A person-centered approach.

Adoptive identity and adjustment from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A person-centered approach.

The Internet’s Multiple Roles in Facilitating the Sexual Orientation Identity Development of Gay and Bisexual Male Adolescents

Identity in young adulthood: Links with mental health and risky behavior

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