“…Another perceived cost of CNM relationships is the potential to experience difficult emotions, often described using the term jealousy (e.g., Bartell, 1970 ; Cohen, 2015 ; de Visser & McDonald, 2007 ; Deri, 2015 ; Ritchie & Barker, 2006 ; Rubel & Bogaert, 2015 ) but perhaps better understood as a range of related unpleasant feelings (e.g., McLean, 2004 ; Rubinsky, 2018 ; Wolfe, 2003 ). While the extent to which painful emotions are a problem for those who practice CNM appears to vary (Bergstrand & Williams, 2000 ; Ramey, 1975 ), difficult feelings clearly do arise in CNM relationships, are experienced by some as unhealthy or problematic (Rubinsky, 2018 ), and can negatively impact relationship satisfaction (Rubinsky, 2019 ). Further, such feelings may be a cost not only because they are unpleasant and might impact happiness in one’s relationship, but also because they require time and energy to manage (de Visser & McDonald, 2007 ; McLean, 2004 ).…”