Identity of macromolecules present in the extracellular slime layer of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Karamanos, Nikos K.; Panagiotopoulou, H.S.; Syrokou, Alexandra; Frangides, C.; Hjerpe, Anders; Dimitracopoulos, G.; Anastassiou, Evangelos D.

doi:10.1016/0300-9084(96)88127-2

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The measured value of PIA molar mass is in good agreement with the report of Irina et al 24 While most of the earlier reported values of PIA molar mass are around 30−80 kDa 37,38 (Figure 6a), our protocol has resulted in the isolation of a sizable fraction of higher molar mass molecules (>10 5 Da) as well. We attribute this to our purification protocol, which does not include harsh treatments such as ethanol precipitation, repeated dialysis, and filtration or freeze-drying as commonly carried out in extracting biofilm polysaccharides.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Molar Mass, Entanglement, and Associations of the Biofilm Polysaccharide of Staphylococcus epidermidis

et al. 2013

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Biofilms are microbial communities that are characterized by the presence of a viscoelastic extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Studies have shown that polysaccharides, along with proteins and DNA, are a major constituent of the EPS, and play a dominant role in mediating its microstructure and rheological properties. Here, we investigate the possibility of entanglements and associative complexes in solutions of extracellular polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) extracted from Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. We report that the weight average molar mass and radius of gyration of PIA isolates are 2.01 × 105 ± 1200 g/mol and 29.2 ± 1.2 nm respectively. The coil overlap concentration, c*, was thus determined to be (32 ± 4) × 10−4 g/mL. Measurements of the in situ concentration of PIA (cPIA,Biofilm) was found to be (10 ± 2) × 10−4 g/mL. Thus, cPIA,Biofilm < c* and the amount of PIA in the biofilm is too low to cause polymer chain entanglements. In the pH range 3.0 to 5.5, PIA was found to both self-associate and to form complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA). By static light scattering, both self-association and complex formation with 0.5 %(w/v) BSA were found to occur at PIA concentrations of 0.30 × 10−4 g/mL and greater, which is about 30 times lower than the measured cPIA,Biofilm. These results suggest that the microscopic origin of EPS viscoelasticity is unlikely to be due to polysaccharide entanglements. Furthermore, the onset of self-association and protein complexation of PIA occurs at concentrations far lower than the native PIA concentration in biofilms. This finding therefore suggests a critical role for those two association mechanisms in mediating biofilm viscoelasticity.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Molar Mass, Entanglement, and Associations of the Biofilm Polysaccharide of Staphylococcus epidermidis

et al. 2013

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“…4D). This band may correspond to a 20-kDa species of low-sulfated polysaccharide that has been shown to be a component of S. epidermidis exopolysaccharide slime (11). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that dispersin B is disrupting the S. epidermidis slime matrix, either by degrading it or by detaching it from the cell surface.…”

Section: Detachment Of S Epidermidis Biofilms Bysupporting

confidence: 80%

Enzymatic Detachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms

Kaplan

Ragunath

Velliyagounder

et al. 2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

306

238

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The gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause of infections associated with catheters and other indwelling medical devices. S. epidermidis produces an extracellular slime that enables it to form adherent biofilms on plastic surfaces. We found that a biofilm-releasing enzyme produced by the gram-negative periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans rapidly and efficiently removed S. epidermidis biofilms from plastic surfaces. The enzyme worked by releasing extracellular slime from S. epidermidis cells. Precoating surfaces with the enzyme prevented S. epidermidis biofilm formation. Our findings demonstrate that biofilm-releasing enzymes can exhibit broad-spectrum activity and that these enzymes may be useful as antibiofilm agents.

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“…Karamanos et al . (1995) have characterized the slime layer of clinical and reference slime‐producing Staphylococcus epidermidis strains and showed that it mainly contains acidic polysaccharides. Furthermore, it has been shown that the main polysaccharide and antigenic component of the extracellular slime is an acidic polysaccharide of a molecular mass of 20 kDa (PS) (Karamanos et al ., 1995; Arvaniti et al ., 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1995) have characterized the slime layer of clinical and reference slime‐producing Staphylococcus epidermidis strains and showed that it mainly contains acidic polysaccharides. Furthermore, it has been shown that the main polysaccharide and antigenic component of the extracellular slime is an acidic polysaccharide of a molecular mass of 20 kDa (PS) (Karamanos et al ., 1995; Arvaniti et al ., 1994). Its antibodies discriminate S. epidermidis from other CoNS (Karamanos et al ., 1997) and protect against staphylococcal keratitis (Georgakopoulos et al ., 2002), whereas immunoglobulin preparations containing high titers of anti‐20 kDa PS protect preterm neonates from bacteremia (Lamari et al ., 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified protocol for isolation and purity evaluation of a staphylococcal acidic polysaccharide by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

Krevvata

Afratis

Spiliopoulou

et al. 2010

Biomedical Chromatography

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The extracellular slime of Staphylococcus epidermidis contains, amongst various macromolecules, an acidic polysaccharide (PS) of a molecular mass of 20 kDa with significant antigenic and biological properties. The isolation procedure used so far includes multiple fractionations in anion-exchange chromatographic columns before its final purification by gel filtration chromatography. This protocol is laborious, time-consuming and includes the risk of unnecessary loss of PS quantities. Because of the significance of this PS, a modified protocol resulting in an easier and quicker isolation procedure was developed. Furthermore, identification, purity, charge density and molecular integrity of the isolated polysaccharide were evaluated by a reverse-polarity capillary electrophoresis method.

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Identity of macromolecules present in the extracellular slime layer of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

Molar Mass, Entanglement, and Associations of the Biofilm Polysaccharide of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Molar Mass, Entanglement, and Associations of the Biofilm Polysaccharide of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Enzymatic Detachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms

A modified protocol for isolation and purity evaluation of a staphylococcal acidic polysaccharide by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

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