Idiopathic environmental intolerances

doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70522-1

Cited by 71 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Severe CI is often referred to as multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) [1, 2, 4, 6, 23]. Some groups prefer the name idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI) to avoid confusion in diagnosis and etiology associated with the terms CI and MCS [24–28], because these terms imply unsupported judgments on causation, do not refer to a clinically defined disease, and are not based on accepted theories of underlying mechanisms or validated clinical criteria for diagnosis [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical intolerance: involvement of brain function and networks after exposure to extrinsic stimuli perceived as hazardous

Azuma

Uchiyama

Tanigawa

et al. 2019

Environ Health Prev Med

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BackgroundChemical intolerance (CI) is a chronic condition characterized by recurring and severe symptoms triggered by exposure to low levels of odorous or pungent substances. The etiology of CI has been a controversial subject for a long time. The aim of this review is to summarize findings on the neurological processing of sensory information during and after exposure to low levels of odorous or pungent substances in individuals with CI, focusing on the brain function and networks.MethodsScientific studies on CI published between 2000 and 2019 in academic peer-reviewed journals were systematically searched using medical and scientific literature databases. Only peer-reviewed articles reporting original research from experimental human studies directly associated with CI, and involving related neurological responses or brain imaging after exposure to odorous or pungent substances (i.e., in chemical provocation tests), were considered.ResultsForty-seven studies were found to be eligible for a full-text review. Twenty-three studies met the selection criteria and were included in this review. Evidence indicated that differences between subjects with CI and healthy controls were observed by brain imaging during and after exposure to odorous or pungent substances. Differences in brain imaging were also observed between initial exposure and after exposure to these substances. Neurological processing of sensory information after exposure to extrinsic stimuli in the limbic system and related cortices were altered in subjects with CI. A previous documentable exposure event was likely to be involved in this alteration.ConclusionsThis review documents consistent evidence for the altered neurological processing of sensory information in individuals with CI. Further neurophysiological research exploring the processing of extrinsic stimuli and cognition of sensation through the limbic system and related cortices in CI, and the appearance of symptoms in individuals with CI, are required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical intolerance: involvement of brain function and networks after exposure to extrinsic stimuli perceived as hazardous

Azuma

Uchiyama

Tanigawa

et al. 2019

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Individuals with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), also called idiopathic environmental intolerance, exhibit nonspecific multi-organ symptoms after exposure to trace amounts of various chemical substances and/or environmental conditions [1, 2]. Although several patient-based studies describe the clinical symptoms of MCS [3, 4], its risk factors remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological association between multiple chemical sensitivity and birth by caesarean section: a nationwide case-control study

et al. 2018

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IntroductionMultiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterized by recurrent nonspecific symptoms that are attributed to exposure to trace levels of environmental agents. Although the clinical symptoms of MCS have been described in several studies, the risk factors for this condition remain unclear. Our aim was to clarify the risk factors for MCS and the association between MCS and birth by caesarean section.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide case-control study of Japanese individuals (aged 20–65 years) with physician-diagnosed MCS (183 cases) and without MCS (345 controls). The study participants were selected from among 150,000 people in a web-based research panel with approximately 1,000,000 registrants. They completed an online survey including questions on their sociodemographic characteristics, birth history (i.e., birth by caesarean section), and other potential risk factors for MCS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and the risk of MCS.ResultsThe proportions of case and control subjects who were born by caesarean section were 39.9 and 7.0%, respectively. The association between birth by caesarean section and MCS was significant even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio: 6.15; 95% confidence interval: 3.13–12.1). A history of agricultural work, mouth breathing, ≥11 vaccinations in the past 10 years, and residing in a new home (< 1 year-old) ≥3 times were also significantly associated with MCS.ConclusionOur data indicate an epidemiological link between MCS and birth by caesarean section. Moreover, we show that factors other than chemical exposure may be associated with the development of MCS.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12940-018-0438-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Fragrances: are they safe?

Cadby¹,

Troy²,

Middleton³

et al. 2002

Flavour & Fragrance J

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In recent years it has become fashionable to criticize the use of fragrances in our society, suggesting that this use is associated with a variety of negative effects. We review the key areas of criticism, which have suggested adverse safety and environmental effects, with an emphasis on the science, rather than speculation, regarding these issues. In conclusion, an adequate review and testing mechanism exists to assure the safety of fragrance materials, and their combination in mixtures, for the consumers of fragranced products.

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Idiopathic environmental intolerances

Cited by 71 publications

References 54 publications

Chemical intolerance: involvement of brain function and networks after exposure to extrinsic stimuli perceived as hazardous

Chemical intolerance: involvement of brain function and networks after exposure to extrinsic stimuli perceived as hazardous

Epidemiological association between multiple chemical sensitivity and birth by caesarean section: a nationwide case-control study

Fragrances: are they safe?

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