Idiopathic Hypercalcuria in a Child

Abstract

Hypercalcuria occurs in many conditions including hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D poisoning, sarcoid, and renal tubular acidosis. In adult patients with renal calculi, the urinary calcium excretion may be high for no apparent reason. Such patients include (a) those described by Hodgkinson and Pyrah (1958), hypercalcuria being the only abnormal tinding, and (b) those described by Henneman, Benedict, Forbes, and Dudley (1958): in this group the patients, who were all males, had a low serum phosphorus without hypercalcaemia in addition to hypercalcuria. Hodgkinson and Pyrah (1958) showed that hypercalcuria was associated with an increased incidence of stone formation, and demonstrated that hypercalcuria and the incidence of renal calculi were higher in men than in women. Four dwarfed children with hypercalcuria have recently been described by Royer (1962).The present report describes a 6-year-old white English boy (E.B.) who had nephrocalcinosis. He was found to have hypercalcuria of the 'idiopathic' variety as determined by systematic exclusion of disorders known to cause hypercalcuria. Hypercalcuria was also demonstrated in his father and brother but not in his mother.Henneman, Dempsey, Carroll, and Albright (1956) suggested that sodium phytate might be of use in the treatment of hypercalcuria, since it was known that 2 905 g. ofsodium phytate (Na12C6H6O24P6 38H20) would precipitate 0 306 g. calcium (Hoff-J0rgensen, 1946; Hoff-J0rgensen, Andersen, and Nielsen, 1946). The treatment was used successfully by Henneman et al. (1958), who found that in combination with a high fluid intake and removal of cheese and milk from the diet, sodium phytate decreased the hypercalcuria and prevented the growth of renal stones and their recurrence. Hoff-J0rgensen et al. (1946) had already shown that the administration of sodium phytate to children led to a reduction in the absorption and retention of calcium, though changes in the urine were not very striking or consistent. It

Hypercalciuric Rickets: Metabolic Studies and Pathophysiological Considerations

“…This patient is in fact a typical example of the clinical entity of childhood idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with dwarfism, bone lesion and renal tubular abnormali ties described by Royer et al [3] and Gentil et al [4], The nature of the renal tubular defects, in this entity, varied among the different cases reported [3][4][5][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Most (21 out of 33) had proteinuria of tubular electrophoretic pattern [4, 5, 17-19, 21 24, 26-28], in the majority (28 out of 31) defects of urinary concentration were documented [4,5,[16][17][18][19][20][21][23][24][25][26][27][28] and in 1 case glycosuria was reported [27]. In the 18 cases [4,5,18,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28] where renal phosphate excretion was adequately evaluated, excessive phosphaturia was found in 14 …”

Renale tubuläre Acidose und bilaterale Nephrocalcinose bei eineiigen Zwillingen

“…Blutsverwandtschaft der Eltern als Hinweis auf rezessive Vererbung wurde nur in einem Fall ohie Nephrocalcinose berichtet (23). In zwei Fällen mit Nephrocalcinose sprach das Vorkommen von Hypercalciurie oder Nierensteinen in der Aszendenz für dominante Vererbung (3,9).…”