Idiopathic Osteoporosis and Nephrolithiasis: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Rendina, Domenico; Filippo, Gianpaolo De; Iannuzzo, Gabriella; Abate, Veronica; Strazzullo, Pasquale; Falchetti, Alberto

doi:10.3390/ijms21218183

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…Both metabolic syndrome and obesity are recognized risk factors for NL [ 55 ]. A similar pattern was also found in other conditions affecting the mineral metabolism, such as osteoporosis, which can be considered the other side of the same process, as well as a risk factor for NL [ 56 ]. The association with metabolic syndrome was found in this case in women but not in men [ 57 , 58 ], so the current degree of adhesion to the MD pattern observed, in Western countries, may be one of the reasons for the growing incidence of metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and NL [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Salt Intake, and Susceptibility to Nephrolithiasis: A Case–Control Study

Abate,

Vergatti,

Iaccarino Idelson

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Unhealthy dietary habits play a key role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis (NL). The aims of this case–control study were to evaluate (i) the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the dietary salt intake in stone-forming patients (SF), (ii) the relationship occurring between MD adherence, salt intake and NL-related metabolic risk factors in SF, and (iii) the impact of combined high MD adherence and low salt intake on NL susceptibility. From 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019, we recruited all SF consecutively referred to the Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) center of Federico II University, and at least two control subjects without a personal history of NL, age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched to SF (NSF). All study participants were interviewed using the validated MEDI-LITE and MINISAL questionnaires. In an SF subgroup, the NL-related metabolic risk factors were also evaluated. SF showed a lower MD adherence and a higher salt intake compared with NSF. The NL susceptibility decreased by 36% [OR: 0.64 (0.59–0.70); p < 0.01] for each point of increase in MEDI-LITE score, while it increased by 13% [OR: 1.13 (1.03–1.25); p = 0.01] for each point of increase in MINISAL score. The SF prevalence was higher among subjects showing combined low MD adherence and high salt intake. In SF, the MEDI-LITE score directly correlated with 24 h-citraturia, whereas the MINISAL score directly correlated with urinary sodium and uric acid excretion. In conclusion, high MD adherence and low salt intake are associated with a reduced NL susceptibility, both separately and in combination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Salt Intake, and Susceptibility to Nephrolithiasis: A Case–Control Study

Abate,

Vergatti,

Iaccarino Idelson

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…Epidemiological studies have shown a temporal relationship between idiopathic osteoporosis and kidney stones. In addition, changing dietary patterns, including the ketogenic diet, could possibly be an important environmental trigger in the association, as well [88]. Bone health should be monitored closely in patients on the ketogenic diet and more clinical trials are needed to further define the negative impacts on bone health [89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Characteristics of Kidney Stones in Patients on Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Acharya

Acharya²,

Hansrivijit

et al. 2021

Diseases

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Very-low-carbohydrate diets or ketogenic diets are frequently used for weight loss in adults and as a therapy for epilepsy in children. The incidence and characteristics of kidney stones in patients on ketogenic diets are not well studied. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the databases’ inception through April 2020. Observational studies or clinical trials that provide data on the incidence and/or types of kidney stones in patients on ketogenic diets were included. We applied a random-effects model to estimate the incidence of kidney stones. Results: A total of 36 studies with 2795 patients on ketogenic diets were enrolled. The estimated pooled incidence of kidney stones was 5.9% (95% CI, 4.6–7.6%, I2 = 47%) in patients on ketogenic diets at a mean follow-up time of 3.7 +/− 2.9 years. Subgroup analyses demonstrated the estimated pooled incidence of kidney stones of 5.8% (95% CI, 4.4–7.5%, I2 = 49%) in children and 7.9% (95% CI, 2.8–20.1%, I2 = 29%) in adults, respectively. Within reported studies, 48.7% (95% CI, 33.2–64.6%) of kidney stones were uric stones, 36.5% (95% CI, 10.6–73.6%) were calcium-based (CaOx/CaP) stones, and 27.8% (95% CI, 12.1–51.9%) were mixed uric acid and calcium-based stones, respectively. Conclusions: The estimated incidence of kidney stones in patients on ketogenic diets is 5.9%. Its incidence is approximately 5.8% in children and 7.9% in adults. Uric acid stones are the most prevalent kidney stones in patients on ketogenic diets followed by calcium-based stones. These findings may impact the prevention and clinical management of kidney stones in patients on ketogenic diets.

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“…Some researchers consider idiopathic nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis as two possible manifestations of a unique clinical syndrome. 131,132 Most of the pathogenic factors affect bone by affecting the differentiation, survival and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, these pathogenic factors interact with each other and form a complex etiologic network, which makes the treatment of osteoporosis greatly complicated.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Iopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the knowledge about IOP going deep, IOP and nephrolithiasis are believed to be highly connected. Some researchers consider idiopathic nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis as two possible manifestations of a unique clinical syndrome 131,132 …”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Iopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti‐osteoporosis therapies

Wang

Luo

Wang

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Osteoporosis is a type of bone loss disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. With the intensification of global aging, this disease is now regarded as one of the major public health problems that often leads to unbearable pain, risk of bone fractures, and even death, causing an enormous burden at both the human and socioeconomic layers. Classic anti‐osteoporosis pharmacological options include anti‐resorptive and anabolic agents, whose ability to improve bone mineral density and resist bone fracture is being gradually confirmed. However, long‐term or high‐frequency use of these drugs may bring some side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are devoted to finding new pathogenesis or potential therapeutic targets of osteoporosis, and it is of great importance to comprehensively recognize osteoporosis and develop viable and efficient therapeutic approaches. In this study, we systematically reviewed literatures and clinical evidences to both mechanistically and clinically demonstrate the state‐of‐art advances in osteoporosis. This work will endow readers with the mechanistical advances and clinical knowledge of osteoporosis and furthermore present the most updated anti‐osteoporosis therapies.

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Idiopathic Osteoporosis and Nephrolithiasis: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Cited by 16 publications

References 146 publications

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Salt Intake, and Susceptibility to Nephrolithiasis: A Case–Control Study

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Salt Intake, and Susceptibility to Nephrolithiasis: A Case–Control Study

Incidence and Characteristics of Kidney Stones in Patients on Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti‐osteoporosis therapies

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