iDroop: A Dynamic Droop controller to decouple power grid's steady-state and dynamic performance

Mallada, Enrique

doi:10.1109/cdc.2016.7799027

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…The benefits of load-side controllers motivated a series of work on understanding how different system parameters and controller designs impact the grid transient performance. For instance, iDroop is proposed in [14] to improve dynamic performance of the power system through controlling power Linqi The authors thank Janusz Bialek and Oleg Khamisov from Skoltech for helpful discussions. This work has been supported by Resnick Research Fellowship, Linde Institute Research Award, DOE through the ENERGISE program (Award #DE-EE-0007998), NSF grants through CCF 1637598, ECCS 1619352, CNS 1545096, ARPA-E grant through award de-ar0000699 (NODES) and GRID DATA, DTRA through grant HDTRA 1-15-1-0003 and Skoltech through collaboration agreement 1075-MRA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graph Laplacian Spectrum and Primary Frequency Regulation

Guo

Zhao

Low

2018

2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

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We present a framework based on spectral graph theory that captures the interplay among network topology, system inertia, and generator and load damping in determining the overall grid behavior and performance. Specifically, we show that the impact of network topology on a power system can be quantified through the network Laplacian eigenvalues, and such eigenvalues determine the grid robustness against low frequency disturbances. Moreover, we can explicitly decompose the frequency signal along scaled Laplacian eigenvectors when damping-inertia ratios are uniform across buses. The insight revealed by this framework partially explains why load-side participation in frequency regulation not only makes the system respond faster, but also helps lower the system nadir after a disturbance. Finally, by presenting a new controller specifically tailored to suppress high frequency disturbances, we demonstrate that our results can provide useful guidelines in the controller design for load-side primary frequency regulation. This improved controller is simulated on the IEEE 39-bus New England interconnection system to illustrate its robustness against high frequency oscillations compared to both the conventional droop control and a recent controller design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graph Laplacian Spectrum and Primary Frequency Regulation

Guo

Zhao

Low

2018

2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

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“…. , n − 1; (13) we note they are all stable except forh 0 (s) = g 0 (s)/s. This suggests the following decomposition:…”

Section: Remarkmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Our results lend support for this control strategy for improving synchronization in future power networks. If more active control is enabled, one could choose to go beyond the emulation of physical parameters such as damping or inertia, and use a more general dynamic controller; indeed such approaches are also being considered [13], [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Analysis of Synchronization Performance for Power Systems: Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap

Paganini

Mallada

2020

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

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The issue of synchronization in the power grid is receiving renewed attention, as new energy sources with different dynamics enter the picture. Global metrics have been proposed to evaluate performance, and analyzed under highly simplified assumptions. In this paper we extend this approach to more realistic network scenarios, and more closely connect it with metrics used in power engineering practice. In particular, our analysis covers networks with generators of heterogeneous ratings and richer dynamic models of machines. Under a suitable proportionality assumption in the parameters, we show that the step response of bus frequencies can be decomposed in two components. The first component is a system-wide frequency that captures the aggregate grid behavior, and the residual component represents the individual bus frequency deviations from the aggregate.Using this decomposition, we define -and compute in closed form-several metrics that capture dynamic behaviors that are of relevance for power engineers. In particular, using the system frequency, we define industry-style metrics (Nadir, RoCoF) that are evaluated through a representative machine. We further use the norm of the residual component to define a synchronization cost that can appropriately quantify inter-area oscillations. Finally, we employ robustness analysis tools to evaluate deviations from our proportionality assumption. We show that the system frequency still captures the grid steady-state deviation, and becomes an accurate reduced-order model of the grid as the network connectivity grows.Simulation studies with practically relevant data are included to validate the theory and further illustrate the impact of network structure and parameters on synchronization. Our analysis gives conclusions of practical interest, sometimes challenging the conventional wisdom in the field. arXiv:1905.06948v1 [cs.SY] 16 May 2019Of course, other models are possible within this framework. We make the following assumption:Assumption 1. The transfer function g i (s) is stable (has all its poles in Re(s) < 0) and strictly positive real, i.e. Re[g i (jω)] > 0 for all ω ∈ R.This assumption implies that stability of the system, whichever the network.

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“…where y i (t) is the system output corresponding to disturbance vector u i (t). Instead of evaluating the expectation in (7) or the time integral in (8), the H 2 -norm for system H can be expressed as [22,Ch. 5]…”

Section: Relation To Stability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Power Grid Topologies for Minimizing Network Disturbances: An Exact MILP Formulation

Bhela

Deka

Nagarajan

et al. 2019

2019 American Control Conference (ACC)

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The dynamic response of power grids to small transient events or persistent stochastic disturbances influences their stable operation. This paper studies the effect of topology on the linear time-invariant dynamics of power networks. For a variety of stability metrics, a unified framework based on the H2-norm of the system is presented. The proposed framework assesses the robustness of power grids to small disturbances and is used to study the optimal placement of new lines on existing networks as well as the design of radial (tree) and meshed (loopy) topologies for new networks. Although the design task can be posed as a mixed-integer semidefinite program (MI-SDP), its performance does not scale well with network size. Using McCormick relaxation, the topology design problem can be reformulated as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). To improve the computation time, graphical properties are exploited to provide tighter bounds on the continuous optimization variables. Numerical tests on the IEEE 39-bus feeder demonstrate the efficacy of the optimal topology in minimizing disturbances.

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iDroop: A Dynamic Droop controller to decouple power grid's steady-state and dynamic performance

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Graph Laplacian Spectrum and Primary Frequency Regulation

Graph Laplacian Spectrum and Primary Frequency Regulation

Global Analysis of Synchronization Performance for Power Systems: Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap

Designing Power Grid Topologies for Minimizing Network Disturbances: An Exact MILP Formulation

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