IERI: Visual Performance Data for 156 Normal Observers of Various Ages

Thi s report describes the structure, performance, and some applications of the Sarnoff Visual Discrimination Model. The model has been designed for physiological plausibility as well as speed and simpljcity of operation, and has been shown to be highly accurate in predicting performance in a large number of visual discrimination and image quality rating tasks. The model can be used to assess the visual effects of variations in imaging system parameters, and is thu s well-suited for applications in the design and evaluation of imaging systems and their components.

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“…Small luminous disks, from a study by Blackwell (1971) 2. Checkerboard patterns, from an unpublished study at Sarnoff 3.…”

Section: Detection and Discrimination Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Visual Discrimination Model for Imaging System Design and Evaluation

Lubin

1995

Vision Models for Target Detection and Recognition

298

233

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“…The luminance of the fixation points was controlled by ND filters operated by the experimenter. This apparatus, which produced a display similar to that used by Blackwell and Blackwell (1971), was also computer controlled, using the experimental method described later.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this function has been only weakly linked to increased accident involvement and is not necessarily regarded as being of primary relevance, it is easily measured and is generally considered important to driving (Lauer, 1950;Allen, 1969;Henderson and Burg, 1974;American Optometric Association, 1974;Shinar, 1977). Whereas this measure may be useful in helping to control the" daytime" (normal illumination) quality of drivers' vision, considerable evidence indicates that "nighttime" (low illumination) quality of vision (including vision in the presence of glare) is highly variable and is a serious problem for a number of individuals, particularly those aged 40 and over (Wolf, 1960;Guth and McNelis, 1969;Blackwell and Blackwell, 1971;Pulling, Wolf, Sturgis, Vaillancourt, and Dolliver, 1980). Furthermore, there is no evidence to indicate that successful completion of a "normal illumination" vision test has any relevance to the ability to see in conditions degraded by glare or lowered illumination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Glare and Background Luminance on Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity: Implications for Driver Night Vision Testing.

Sturgis

Osgood

1982

Hum Factors

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The visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of two groups of 30 male and female drivers (aged 20-25,40-45, and 60-65 years) were measured over a range of background luminances and in the presence of glare. Results showed that (J) visual acuity decreased significantly with both increasing age and decreasing background luminance, (2) threshold target luminance increased significantly with age, (3) glare had a multiplicative effect on threshold target luminance that was independent of age, and (4) there were high correlations between vision measures made at "high" and "low" background luminances and under glare. It is concluded that a "night driving" vision test could be successfully based upon measurement of visual acuity at low luminance. Whereas the rate at which drivers would fail such a test is dependent upon the acuity required and the definition of "low" luminance chosen, the failure rate would increase significantly with age; this would primarily affect the older portion of the driving population.

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“…It is important to note that 'reading task performance' is different from VP (CIE, 2002); however, results from these studies show that older adults' visual ability to perform tasks can be significantly affected by varying levels of illumination. There are also further published studies (Blackwell and Blackwell, 1971;Boyce, 1973;Sorensen and Brunnstrom, 1995; which report on the effects of illumination VP.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting the development of inclusive products: the effects of everyday ambient illumination levels and contrast on older adults' near visual acuity

2013

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Current older adult capability datasets fail to account for the effects of everyday environmental conditions on capability. This paper details a study which investigates the effects of everyday ambient illumination conditions (overcast, 6000 lx; In-house lighting, 150 lx; and street lighting, 7.5 lx) and contrast (90%, 70%, 50% and 30% contrast) on the near visual acuity of older adults (n=38, 65-87 years). Visual acuity was measured at a one metre viewing distance using LogMAR acuity charts. Results from the study showed that for all contrast levels tested, visual acuity decreased by 0.2 log units between the overcast and street lighting conditions. On average, participants could detect detail around 1.6 times smaller on the LogMAR charts when under overcast conditions compared to street lighting. Visual acuity also significantly decreased when contrast was reduced from 70% to 50%, and from 50% to 30% in each of the ambient illumination conditions. Practitioner summary: This paper presents an experimental study which investigates the impact of everyday ambient illumination levels and contrast on older adults' visual acuity. Results show both factors have a significant effect on their visual acuity. Findings suggest that environmental conditions need to be accounted for in older adult capability datasets/design.

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IERI: Visual Performance Data for 156 Normal Observers of Various Ages

Cited by 92 publications

References 2 publications

A Visual Discrimination Model for Imaging System Design and Evaluation

A Visual Discrimination Model for Imaging System Design and Evaluation

Effects of Glare and Background Luminance on Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity: Implications for Driver Night Vision Testing.

Supporting the development of inclusive products: the effects of everyday ambient illumination levels and contrast on older adults' near visual acuity

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