“If it flies, it dies”: Profit, workplace pressure and Bird of Prey persecution

Burnside, Ellen; Pamment, Nick; Collins, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.05.016

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, even after previous exposure to fireworks, birds will likely remain within the release area and only flee once the disturbance starts 17 . However, studies have shown that certain long-lived bird species, such as mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos ) 24 , pink-footed geese ( Anser brachyrhynchus ) 11 , and birds of prey (that may not perceive fireworks as a threat, although this may not be the case in British birds of prey due to past persecution 36 ) are impacted to a lesser degree than other species such as passerines (that are fast-living species and, therefore, may have a greater emergency response) 17 , 37 – 39 . There is some evidence of repeated disturbance within our study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-band radar quantifies major disturbance of birds by fireworks in an urban area

Wayman¹,

Atkinson²,

Jahangir³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Fireworks and other pyrotechnics are acknowledged as sources of disturbance to wildlife, with evidence that many species react adversely to their sight and sound at discharge. However, how firework releases impact wildlife within a city landscape is poorly understood. Here, we explore the effect of fireworks on urban birds using an L-band staring radar (90-degree sector out to a 5 km range) to capture bird activity derived from flight tracks (i.e. 3D visualisation of individual flying birds built from radar detections) within the city of Birmingham, UK. Comparing the tracks between baseline periods with no fireworks and periods where fireworks are commonly discharged using a null model indicated that birds flew at higher elevations during firework periods (standardised effect sizes of 17.11, 26.54 and 5.83, for Diwali, Bonfire Night, and New Year's Eve, respectively). Birds also flew in more significant numbers (standardised effect sizes of 23.41, 7.98 and 7.19 for Diwali, Bonfire Night, and New Year's Eve, respectively). Therefore, bird activity was elevated during firework events at a time of night when many would otherwise be roosting. Such disturbance may have implications for avian biology since large public firework events occur at colder times of the year in the UK when birds have elevated thermoregulatory costs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-band radar quantifies major disturbance of birds by fireworks in an urban area

Wayman¹,

Atkinson²,

Jahangir³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…In the United Kingdom, similar trends of historical and contemporary raptor persecution have occurred, with the most prominent context being persecution on private game reserves and grouse moors against golden eagles and harrier species (Circinae) (and to a lesser extent goshawks and red kites) (178)(179)(180)96). Since the mid-2000s, raptor persecution on private estates in the UK has become more public and focal.…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 95%

“…In collaboration with researchers, organizations like the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) provide empirical documentation of persecution throughout England, Wales, and Scotland via annual reports (Birdcrime Report) (181) and GIS applications (Raptor Persecution Map) (182). Additionally, continued inquiry into raptor persecution on private estates and game reserves has revealed unique motivations and social networks, such as employment-related drivers because employers control compensation and retention (180).…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Raptor persecution, conflict, and coexistence

Wallen,

Bickford

2024

Preprint

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How a society views wildlife—the values and meanings people attach to and the emotions evoked by a raptor species—determines the negative to positive outcomes of human–raptor interactions and raptor conservation writ large. Interactions of raptors and humans are shaped by legacies and contemporary patterns of persecution, conflict, and coexistence. Those interactions are steeped in historical and emergent ecological, social, political, cultural and economic realities. Those realities are likewise steeped in deep-rooted beliefs about the relationship between humans and nature. Views, values, meanings, and emotions are, therefore, central to raptor conservation and management. History reflects that societies view and value raptors, like other wildlife species, varyingly across continuums of threat/nonthreat or predator/pest, which convey specific sociocultural meanings and consequent actions. Societies either conflict or coexist with wildlife based on how they define species in relation to material, physical, and psychological boundaries associated with shared spaces, resources, and livelihoods. For contemporary raptor conservation and management, the human dimensions (HD) field and associated programs of human–wildlife interactions (HWI) are central to understand those boundaries.

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“…Threat mapping evidence found on it was heterogeneously distributed and clustered around terrestrial Asia, Africa, and South America, where there is higher reliance of communities on wild meats for sustenance, and presence of illicit wildlife trades [145][146][147]. Nonetheless, hunting and persecution of animals also occurs in Europe and North America [148][149][150][151][152][153] where mapping evidence for this threat was limited. Therefore, this systematic map will be useful for the implementation of targets on terrestrial biological resource use in Asia, Africa, and South America but more evidence is needed elsewhere.…”

Section: Implications For Policy/management Implications For the Post...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The scope and extent of literature that maps threats to species globally: a systematic map

et al. 2022

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Background Human activities are driving accelerating rates of species extinctions that continue to threaten nature’s contribution to people. Yet, the full scope of where and how human activities threaten wild species worldwide remains unclear. Furthermore, the large diversity of approaches and terminology surrounding threats and threat mapping presents a barrier to understanding the state of knowledge and uptake into decision-making. Here, we define ‘threats’ as human activities and direct human-initiated processes, specifically where they co-occur with, and impact the survival of, wild species. Our objectives were to systematically consolidate the threat mapping literature, describe the distribution of available evidence, and produce a publicly available and searchable database of articles for easy uptake of evidence into future decision-making. Methods Four bibliographic databases, one web-based search engine, and thirteen organisational websites were searched for peer-reviewed and grey-literature published in English 2000–2020. A three-stage screening process (title, abstract, and full-text) and coding was undertaken by two reviewers, with consistency tested on 20% of articles at each stage. Articles were coded according to 22 attributes that captured dimensions of the population, threat, and geographic location studied in addition to methodological attributes. The threats studied were classified according to the IUCN Red List threat classification scheme. A range of graphical formats were used to visualise the distribution of evidence according to these attributes and complement the searchable database of articles. Review findings A total of 1069 relevant threat mapping studies were found and included in the systematic map, most conducted at a sub-national or local scale. Evidence was distributed unevenly among taxonomic groups, ecological realms, and geographies. Although articles were found for the full scope of threat categories used, most articles mapped a single threat. The most heavily mapped threats were alien invasive species, aquatic or terrestrial animal exploitation, roads and railways, residential development, and non-timber crop and livestock agriculture. Limitations regarding the English-only search and imperfect ability of the search to identify grey literature could have influenced the findings. Conclusions This systematic map represents a catalogue of threat mapping evidence at any spatial scale available for immediate use in threat reduction activities and policy decisions. The distribution of evidence has implications for devising actions to combat the threats specifically targeted in the post-2020 UN Biodiversity Framework, and for identifying other threats that may benefit from representation in global policy. It also highlights key gaps for further research to aid national and local-scale threat reduction. More knowledge would be particularly beneficial in the areas of managing multiple threats, land-based threats to marine systems, and threats to plant species and threats within the freshwater realm.

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“If it flies, it dies”: Profit, workplace pressure and Bird of Prey persecution

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

L-band radar quantifies major disturbance of birds by fireworks in an urban area

L-band radar quantifies major disturbance of birds by fireworks in an urban area

Raptor persecution, conflict, and coexistence

The scope and extent of literature that maps threats to species globally: a systematic map

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