“…Further, we can include formal and informal learning, the latter of which can include the media, such as movies (Chawla, 2001). Additional methods include place-based learning (Barnett et al, 2011; Howley, Howley, Camper, & Perko, 2011; Pike, 2011), such as studying and protecting local streams or habitats, or studying water and its importance in depth (Çobana et al, 2011), and engaging in solution-based activities (Smith, 2011), and group-based activities such as councils and individual reflection (Seed, Fleming, & Macy, 2007). These classroom activities can promote ‘active cognitive learning’, with the aim of fostering conceptual understanding (Reinfrieda et al, 2012).…”