IgA Anti-Epidermal Transglutaminase Antibodies in Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Pediatric Celiac Disease

Abstract

the manifestations of different forms of leprosy through their functional roles in antigen presentation and inhibition of T-cell responses.Although predisposing major histocompatibility complex alleles may exhibit inefficient antigen presentation, the LYP-Trp620 allele may have a pathogenic role in the hyporesponsiveness of T cells owing to anomalies in early T-cell signaling, resulting in clinical manifestations of leprosy. Contrary to our expectations, a significantly higher number of tuberculoid patients had PTPN22 1858CT, suggesting that there may be early T-cell defects in these patients. This results in a compromised immune response to the infectious agent, which manifests in the milder form of the disease. Most healthy people exposed to M. leprae are resistant to the infection, and with an effective immune response they do not develop the disease (Bongiorno et al., 2008). Because the CT genotype accounts for only 15-16% of lepromatous and tuberculoid patients, other genes involved in the downregulation of T-cell responses, such as CTLA-4 and Foxp3, should be investigated for additional host factors that may be detrimental in conferring anergy to M. leprae antigens in lepromatous leprosy patients.

Dermatitis Herpetiformis Sera or Goat Anti–Transglutaminase-3 Transferred to Human Skin-Grafted Mice Mimics Dermatitis Herpetiformis Immunopathology

“…Although DH patients may present with longterm severe intestinal disease, they tend to have a generally less severe form of celiac disease and tend to be diagnosed at a later age than celiac patients (24). IgA TG2 Abs are present in most DH patients (10,25,26). TG3 is also produced in the gut.…”

“…ELISA for human IgA and IgG TG3 and deamidated gliadin peptide ELISA was performed on seven selected DH patients and the seven control human sera as described previously (10). Sera were selected independent of patient disease activity, dapsone therapy, or adherence to gluten restriction in the diet.…”

Dermatite herpetiforme como única manifestação de doença celíaca: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

“…4,18,19,26 Serologic testing is a useful adjunct for diagnosis and may be used to monitor the therapy response. 29,34 Antigluten, antiendomysium, antigliadin and tTG antibodies have been detected in patients with DH, however, tTG and eTG are considered the target autoantigens in DH. 35 Heil et al 34 demonstrated that anti-tTG IgA can be useful for screening, because it is very disease-specific (100%) and sensitive (95% CD/96.6% DH) for the diagnosis of gluten sensitivity, while anti-eTG IgA was also very specific (100%), but was present in only 15% of CD cases and 44.8% of DH cases.…”

“…26 The tissue transglutaminase (tTG) was identified as the autoantigen prevalent in CD, 27 while in the DH, the predominant autoantigen is the epidermal transglutaminase (eTG). 26,28,29 Sardy et al 26 proposed that the DH pathogenesis consists of immune response of low avidity for tTG, resulting initially in silent CD, that with continued exposure to gliadin, leads to the development of populations of antibodies with high affinity to eTG for cross-reactivity, which manifests as DH. Moreover, as in CD, in which genetic predisposition is associated with the HLADQ2 (allelesDQA1 * 0501 and DQB1 *020) and HLA-DQ8 (DQA1 * 03 alleles and DQB1* 0302), DH presents similar genetic alterations.…”

Does dermatitis herpetiformis result in bone loss as coeliac disease does?: a cross sectional study

“…It is homologous to tissue TG within the enzymatically active domains and its main function in the epidermis to save the integrity of the skin. The expression of epidermal TG is primarily seen in the epidermis and small intestine (10,11).…”