IgA multiple myeloma in a dog

Abstract

Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in a lo-year-old female Labrador which showed signs of weight loss, lethargy and skeletal pain. Radiography revealed well circumscribed osteolytic lesions in vertebrae, sternebrae, and the left humerus and radius along with generalised osteoporosis. The number of plasma cells in the bone marrow was increased and the serum gamma globulin concentration was elevated. Treatment with cyclophosphamide, mephalan and prednisone successfully controlled the malignancy but also resulted in suppression of the bone marrow. There was a remission time of 21.5 months.

Monoclonal gammopathy associated with multiple myeloma and visceral leishmaniasis in the dog: A comparison of two cases

“…Serum hyperviscosity and its associated syndrome (i.e., hypertension, eye damage, kidney disease, and bleeding) are attributable to the presence of an IgA type MC (Hendrix et al 1998;Matus et al 1986). The remission of symptoms after melphalan administration is in agreement with data reported by Cayzer and Jones (1991), Hendrix et al (1998), andMatus et al (1986). Cayzer and Jones (1991) also reported that the average survival time of patients treated with prednisone alone or in combination with melphalan is 220 and 540 days, respectively, and that there is a significant correlation between survival time and response to therapy.…”

“…The remission of symptoms after melphalan administration is in agreement with data reported by Cayzer and Jones (1991), Hendrix et al (1998), andMatus et al (1986). Cayzer and Jones (1991) also reported that the average survival time of patients treated with prednisone alone or in combination with melphalan is 220 and 540 days, respectively, and that there is a significant correlation between survival time and response to therapy. It has also been reported that 90% of subjects treated with prednisone combined with melphalan respond positively and that survival time is not influenced by either continuous or intermittent (during periods of burning or disease relapse) treatment (Cayzer and Jones 1991;Hendrix et al 1998;Mayer et al 2008 ).…”

“…MM can be diagnosed based on the presence of at least two of the four following criteria: paraproteinemia, bone marrow plasmocytosis over 5-20%, osteolytic bone lesions, and BJ proteinuria. In the first case, the absence of osteolytic bone lesions is in agreement with data found in the literature (Mayer et al 2008;Matus et al 1986) in which these injuries have been documented in 50% of dogs (Cayzer and Jones, 1991;Hendrix et al 1998). Serum hyperviscosity and its associated syndrome (i.e., hypertension, eye damage, kidney disease, and bleeding) are attributable to the presence of an IgA type MC (Hendrix et al 1998;Matus et al 1986).…”

“…Cayzer and Jones (1991) also reported that the average survival time of patients treated with prednisone alone or in combination with melphalan is 220 and 540 days, respectively, and that there is a significant correlation between survival time and response to therapy. It has also been reported that 90% of subjects treated with prednisone combined with melphalan respond positively and that survival time is not influenced by either continuous or intermittent (during periods of burning or disease relapse) treatment (Cayzer and Jones 1991;Hendrix et al 1998;Mayer et al 2008 ). Osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia, and BJ proteinuria are considered negative prognostic factors in course of MM (Cowgill et al 2004;Hendrix et al 1998;Ramaiah et al 2002) and are effectively absent in Case N°1.…”

“…In the first case, the presence of an IgA/λ type MC in serum and urine added to the characteristic bone marrow findings, allowing us to diagnosis MM, stage I (Matus et al 1986). The rate of MM occurrence is less than 1% of all canine tumors, 8% of all hematopoietic neoplasms, and the IgA type occurs in 50% of cases (Cayzer and Jones 1991;Cowgill et al 2004;Hendrix et al 1998;Matus et al 1986;Ramaiah et al 2002). MM can be diagnosed based on the presence of at least two of the four following criteria: paraproteinemia, bone marrow plasmocytosis over 5-20%, osteolytic bone lesions, and BJ proteinuria.…”