IgG Antibody Responses and Immune Persistence of Two Doses of BBIBP-CorV Vaccine or CoronaVac Vaccine in People Living with HIV (PLWH) in Shenzhen, China

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to preliminarily evaluate the immunogenicity and immune persistence of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PLWH in the real world. We collected blood samples from 132 PLWH aged 18–59 years who were vaccinated with two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccine (Sinopharm) or CoronaVac vaccine (SinoVac) at 28 ± 7 days and 180 ± 20 days the after second dose, to detect the level of Spike receptor binding domain-protein specific IgG (S-RBD-IgG) by using chemiluminescence. We found that the BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine induced lower S-RBD-IgG antibody seropositivity rates and levels in PLWH than in healthy controls (HCs). The BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine induced lower humoral immune responses in PLWH, having lower CD4+T cell counts (<350 cells/μL) compared to PLWH, and having higher CD4+T cell counts (≥350 cells/μL) after a second dose of vaccination. The BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine induced lower S-RBD-IgG antibody levels in PLWH, having CD4+T cell counts ≥350 cells/μL compared to HCs. No negative effects were observed in terms of the CD4+T cell counts and HIV RNA viral load (VL) of PLWH after vaccination. Ninety-nine PLWH and eighty-three HCs completed a second blood collection for testing; we found a statistically significant decrease in the humoral immune response both in PLWH and HCs from 28 days to 180 days after a second dose of BBIBP-CorV vaccine or CoronaVac vaccine. The S-RBD-IgG antibody induced by the BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine declined faster in the PLWH population than in the healthy population, and two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine may not be enough to provide PLWH with persistent immunity against SARS-CoV-2. It is necessary for PLWH to be prioritized for a third dose over the healthy population, but the immunogenicity of the third dose of the homologous or heterologous vaccine requires further study.

The effect of HIV on COVID-19 vaccine responses

“…Zeng et al [18] found that both inactivated vaccines induced lower IgG seropositivity rates and levels in PLWH compared with controls both after first and second doses.…”

Antibody response to the third dose of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH): A longitudinal cohort

“…The cohort has been described previously. 16 and (3) cooperation with blood collection, and follow-up. We collected peripheral venous blood for S-RBD-IgG antibody test at 28 days after the second dose (T 1 ), 180 days after the second dose (T 2 ) and 35 days after the third dose (T 3 ) of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH (Figure 1).…”

Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in People Living With HIV (PLWH): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Real-World Studies

“…These studies comprised one cross-sectional study, 16 one case-control study 17 and 20 cohort studies 12,13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] (15 prospective cohort studies, 13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]29,31,32,35 three retrospective cohort studies 12,28,34 and one nonrandomized cohort study 33 ). These 22 studies were conducted in different regions, including Asia, 13,[16][17][18]21,23,32,33,35 Europe, 12,…”

“…These 22 studies were conducted in different regions, including Asia, 13,[16][17][18]21,23,32,33,35 Europe, 12,19,20,22,[26][27][28]30,31,34 North America 24,29 and South America. 25 The types of COVID-19 vaccines used in these studies included different technological platforms: mRNA vaccines, 12,19,20,22,24,26,27,[29][30][31][32]34 inactivated vaccines 13,16,18,21,23,25,33,35 and adenovirus-vectored vaccines. 28,31,34 Among the included studies, nine focused on evaluating the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH, 12,13,16,18,…”

“…25 The types of COVID-19 vaccines used in these studies included different technological platforms: mRNA vaccines, 12,19,20,22,24,26,27,[29][30][31][32]34 inactivated vaccines 13,16,18,21,23,25,33,35 and adenovirus-vectored vaccines. 28,31,34 Among the included studies, nine focused on evaluating the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH, 12,13,16,18,21,24,25,27,32 17 described the information regarding S protein or receptor-binding motif-specific IgG seroconversion after COVID-19 vaccination in PLWH, 12,13,16,[18][19][20][21][25][26][27][29][30][31][32][33][34]…”