IgG reactivities against recombinant Rhoptry-Associated 
Protein-1 (rRAP-1) are associated with mixed <i>Plasmodium</i> 
infections and protection against disease in Tanzanian children

Alifrangis, Michael; Lemnge, Martha; Moon, Richard P.; Theisen, Michael; Bygbjerg, Ib Christian; Ridley, Robert G.; Jakobsen, Palle

doi:10.1017/s0031182099004825

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In other studies, P. falciparum - P. vivax mixed infections affected the clinical outcome in patients [13,16]. Examples of P. malariae and P. ovale co-infections with P. falciparum protecting against malaria symptoms have also been reported [17]. Studies with a Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii co-infection model in mice appear to confirm that there can be a strong cross-protective effect of mixed species infections [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sub-microscopic malaria cases and mixed malaria infection in a remote area of high malaria endemicity in Rattanakiri province, Cambodia: implication for malaria elimination

Steenkeste

Rogers²,

Okell

et al. 2010

Malar J

114

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BackgroundMalaria microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests are insensitive for very low-density parasitaemia. This insensitivity may lead to missed asymptomatic sub-microscopic parasitaemia, a potential reservoir for infection. Similarly, mixed infections and interactions between Plasmodium species may be missed. The objectives were first to develop a rapid and sensitive PCR-based diagnostic method to detect low parasitaemia and mixed infections, and then to investigate the epidemiological importance of sub-microscopic and mixed infections in Rattanakiri Province, Cambodia.MethodsA new malaria diagnostic method, using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome b genes of the four human Plasmodium species and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, has been developed. The results of this RFLP-dHPLC method have been compared to 1) traditional nested PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene, 2) sequencing of the amplified fragments of the cytochrome b gene and 3) microscopy.Blood spots on filter paper and Giemsa-stained blood thick smears collected in 2001 from 1,356 inhabitants of eight villages of Rattanakiri Province have been analysed by the RFLP-dHPLC method and microscopy to assess the prevalence of sub-microscopic and mixed infections.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the new RFLP-dHPLC was similar to that of the other molecular methods. The RFLP-dHPLC method was more sensitive and specific than microscopy, particularly for detecting low-level parasitaemia and mixed infections. In Rattanakiri Province, the prevalences of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax were approximately two-fold and three-fold higher, respectively, by RFLP-dHPLC (59% and 15%, respectively) than by microscopy (28% and 5%, respectively). In addition, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae were never detected by microscopy, while they were detected by RFLP-dHPLC, in 11.2% and 1.3% of the blood samples, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of mixed infections detected by RFLP-dHPLC was higher (23%) than with microscopy (8%).ConclusionsThe rapid and sensitive molecular diagnosis method developed here could be considered for mass screening and ACT treatment of inhabitants of low-endemicity areas of Southeast Asia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sub-microscopic malaria cases and mixed malaria infection in a remote area of high malaria endemicity in Rattanakiri province, Cambodia: implication for malaria elimination

Steenkeste

Rogers²,

Okell

et al. 2010

Malar J

114

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“…Naturally acquired antibodies recognize linear epitopes in RAP1 and RAP2 [218]. Human antibodies against RAP1 are associated with protection against malaria [219][220][221]. Another rhotry antigen RAMA has been shown to bind the erythrocyte membrane during invasion [222].…”

Section: Dendritic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses to Asexual Blood-Stages of Malaria Parasites

Yazdani

Mukherjee²,

Chauhan³

et al. 2006

CMM

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The blood stage of the malaria parasite's life cycle is responsible for all the clinical symptoms of malaria. The development of clinical disease is dependent on the interplay of the infecting parasite with the immune status and genetic background of the host. Following repeated exposure to malaria parasites, individuals residing in endemic areas develop immunity. Naturally acquired immunity provides protection against clinical disease, especially severe malaria and death from malaria, although sterilizing immunity is never achieved. Given the absence of antigen processing in erythrocytes, immunity to blood stage malaria parasites is primarily conferred by humoral immune responses. Cellular and innate immune responses play a role in controlling parasite growth but may also contribute to malaria pathology. Here, we analyze the natural humoral immune responses acquired by individuals residing in P. falciparum endemic areas and review their role in providing protection against malaria. In addition, we review the dual potential of cellular and innate immune responses to control parasite multiplication and promote pathology.

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“…Some studies have reported a lower rate of severe disease in infection with both P. falciparum and P. vivax than in infection with P. falciparum only. Clinical symptoms such as anemia, fever, and parasitemia may occur less frequently or to lower degrees in mixed infection than in monospecies infection [14]. However, contradictory findings have also been reported [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Mixed Malaria Infection with Severe Hemolytic Anemia after Travel to Angola

Shin

Kim

et al. 2012

Infect Chemother

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In Korea, Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) is the most common agent of malaria infection.However, as travel to regions where malaria is endemic increases, so do the numbers of Plasmodium falciparum and mixed infections. P. falciparum predominates, while P. vivax is rare in west-central Africa. We report on a case of mixed malaria infection with severe hemolytic anemia caused by P. falciparum and P. vivax in a 38-yearold man after traveling to Angola. A diagnosis of P. falciparum malaria was made by microscopic examination. However, both P. vivax and P. falciparum were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As a radical cure P. vivax, the patient was treated with mefloquine, artemether, and primaquine. Both P. falciparum and P. vivax had disappeared from peripheral blood by admission day 4, however, low grade fever and headache persisted, and his hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were depleted. A peripheral blood smear was negative for both P. vivax and P. falciparum; however, a direct anti-globulin test and anti-nuclear antibody test were positive, suggesting immune hemolytic anemia. After conservative treatment, which included a transfusion with packed red blood cells (RBC), his symptoms and signs showed improvement and laboratory findings were normalized.

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IgG reactivities against recombinant Rhoptry-Associated Protein-1 (rRAP-1) are associated with mixed Plasmodium infections and protection against disease in Tanzanian children

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Sub-microscopic malaria cases and mixed malaria infection in a remote area of high malaria endemicity in Rattanakiri province, Cambodia: implication for malaria elimination

Sub-microscopic malaria cases and mixed malaria infection in a remote area of high malaria endemicity in Rattanakiri province, Cambodia: implication for malaria elimination

Immune Responses to Asexual Blood-Stages of Malaria Parasites

A Case of Mixed Malaria Infection with Severe Hemolytic Anemia after Travel to Angola

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