IgM responses to hepatitis-A virus and hepatitis-B core antigen in acute and chronic liver disease in Malawi; possible role of non-A, non-B, hepatitis

Supran, E. M.; Molyneux, Malcolm E.; Banatvala, J. E.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(80)90107-8

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…60,61 Besides the outbreaks mentioned above, sporadic infections caused by HEV also occur. Among many countries in Africa, some of the countries reporting sporadic cases are Malawi, 62 Nigeria, 63 Kenya, 64 and Egypt. 65 Most large outbreaks or epidemics of hepatitis E in Asia and Africa where genotypic confirmation is available have been found to be attributable to genotype 1.…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis E in Low- and Middle-Income Countries of Asia and Africa

et al. 2013

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Hepatitis E is an acute, viral hepatitis primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. The first major epidemic of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was reported in 1955 in Delhi, India. Since that time, numerous epidemics have been reported across the low- and middle-income countries in Asia and Africa. Even in the absence of large-scale outbreaks, hepatitis E is an important cause of clinical hepatitis. Serologic studies across Asia and Africa show a high prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies. Interest in hepatitis E has increased over the last two decades. However, there are many unanswered questions about the epidemiology of hepatitis E, including a low clinical illness rate in children and the high case fatality rate in pregnant women. Widespread usage of a hepatitis E vaccine may serve to relieve the burden of HEV disease in low- and middle-income countries in Africa and Asia.

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Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis E in Low- and Middle-Income Countries of Asia and Africa

et al. 2013

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“…When anti-HAV or anti-HBc (in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs) is detectable in suspected cases of NANB hepatitis, it is difficult to exclude hepatitis A or hepatitis B, respectively. Proof of the absence of detectable IgM anti-HAV or IgM anti-HBc in these cases would permit a diagnosis of NANB hepatitis to be made (12,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of immunoglobulin M antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen and hepatitis A virus by reorienting sucrose gradient high-speed centrifugation for diagnosis of acute viral-hepatitis

Swenson¹,

Escobar²,

Galen³

et al. 1981

J Clin Microbiol

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Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) were determined in 41 cases of acute viral hepatitis. In sera positive for anti-HBc or anti-HAV, IgM was separated from IgG by reorienting sucrose gradient high-speed centrifugation, and the IgG- and IgM-containing serum fractions were tested for the presence of specific antibody by radioimmunoassay. At the onset of illness, 4 of the 41 cases were classified as hepatitis A, 31 were hepatitis B, and 6 were non-A, non-B hepatitis, based on the results of these tests and of assays for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody and hepatitis B e antigen and antibody. Fourteen of these 41 patients (34%) required IgM anti-HBc or IgM anti-HAV testing or both for appropriate classification. IgM anti-HBc persisted for at least 7 weeks after onset but no longer than 17 weeks in all patients tested with transient hepatitis B surface antigen-positive acute hepatitis. IgM anti-HAV persisted up to but not longer than 62 days in the patients with hepatitis A. Therefore, IgM anti-HBc and IgM anti-HAV determinants are valuable tools for the differential diagnosis of acute A, B, and non-A, non-B hepatitis.

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Presence and meaning of anti-HBc IgM as determined by ELISA in patients with acute type B hepatitis and healthy HBsAg carriers

Kryger¹,

Mathiesen²,

Aldershville³

et al. 1981

Hepatology

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To evaluate the clinical implication of IgM antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM), a consecutive series of 87 patients with acute type B hepatitis and 16 healthy carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were studied by a newly developed reverse ELISA technique. Anti-HBc IgM was present for at least 2 months in 81 of the 82 patients with HBsAg at the time of admission. Seroconversion from HBsAg to anti-HBs was observed in 38 patients during the time of observation, and in all patients, anti-HBc IgM was present until clearance of HBsAg. Thirty-three of the 38 patients remained anti-HBc IgM positive, at least until the appearance of anti-HBs. Quantitation of anti-HBc IgM by ratio unit (RU) values revealed that 3 of 8 patients with RU values greater than or equal to 5 for more than 6 months subsequently developed chronic liver disease, as compared to 1 of 72 patients with anti-HBc IgM above this level for less than 6 months. Anti-HBc IgM was demonstrated in 3% of 5 patients with total anti-HBc titer above 1:100 despite the presence of anti-HBs. In these patients, anti-HBc IgM steadily decreased after the onset of illness indicating a recent acute hepatitis B infection. Anti-HBc IgM was present in 12 of 16 healthy HBsAg carriers (75%). However, these 12 carriers had RU values between 2.5 to 5.5, compared with RU values above 5 (mean RU value 11.3) at the onset of illness in 80 of 82 HBsAg-positive patients with acute hepatitis. Anti-HBc IgM seems to be a specific serological marker for recent or ongoing hepatitis B infection which may be useful in differentiation between hepatitis B infection with or without HbsAg and acute non-A, non-B hepatitis.

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IgM responses to hepatitis-A virus and hepatitis-B core antigen in acute and chronic liver disease in Malawi; possible role of non-A, non-B, hepatitis

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Epidemiology of Hepatitis E in Low- and Middle-Income Countries of Asia and Africa

Epidemiology of Hepatitis E in Low- and Middle-Income Countries of Asia and Africa

Determination of immunoglobulin M antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen and hepatitis A virus by reorienting sucrose gradient high-speed centrifugation for diagnosis of acute viral-hepatitis

Presence and meaning of anti-HBc IgM as determined by ELISA in patients with acute type B hepatitis and healthy HBsAg carriers

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