Ignition and combustion features of biofuels

Рыжков, А. Ф.; Silin, V. E.; Bogatova, T. F.; Nadir, Sadia

doi:10.1007/s10891-011-0547-z

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The flaming phase period was accelerated by oxygen concentration; therefore, flaming stability increases as the oxygen concentration increases [28]. In addition, as shown in Table 4, the flaming phase had high temperatures; this confirms the study carried out by Ryzhkov and colleagues, showing that the size and quality of the inner reaction surface accessible to the oxidizer are determinants of high temperature in combustion, so a large reaction surface would have the highest burn-up rate [27]. Furthermore, when the inner surface in the heating process does not develop for certain reasons, combustion cannot be achieved at all, i.e., the low combustibility of paper rolls [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Charcoal combustion at low temperatures emits low volatile contents, and low TVOC emissions can be observed in this combustion phase ranging between 0.3 ppm and 4.2 ppm which is much lower than in the first three combustion phases. During the cooking phases, oxidation gets delayed in temperature and time due to the release of the main mass of volatiles blocking access to oxygen in combustion [27]. Results show that the coking phase had a temperature average of 28.9 • C. The results confirm that the slow heating process ignites at ambient temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Therefore, the decrease in the mass of the unit surface of the coke ash residue is a variable quantity [27]. Charcoal combustion at low temperatures emits low volatile contents, and low TVOC emissions can be observed in this combustion phase ranging between 0.3 ppm and 4.2 ppm which is much lower than in the first three combustion phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ignition phase depends on the particle size, coal type, volatile matter content, heating rate, devolatilization rate temperature, and type of background gas [26]. Low temperature in combustion is determined by the internal kinetic processes, diffusion processes, and heat treatment; moreover, low temperature is responsible for oxidation pyrolysis and carbonization before the gasification stage of low-grade fossil fuels and biomass [27]. An increase in the TVOC concentration levels in the figure can be observed at 8:58 a.m. due to the usage of a table fan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BTEX Assessment among Informal Charcoal-Burning Food Traders for Cleaner and Sustainable Environment

Phama,

Keretetse,

Mbonane

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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This study assessed the cleaner and sustainable environment by measuring emission levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) from informal food traders using charcoal as the primary source of energy at a flea market in Fordsburg, Johannesburg. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a real-time monitor (MiniRae 3000 photoionization detector); an indoor air quality (IAQ) monitor was used to monitor environmental parameters and passive samplers in the form of Radiello badges, which were used to determine BTEX emissions from charcoal used during food preparation. Measurements were taken at 1.5 m above ground assuming the receptor’s breathing circumference using PID and Radiello. PID data were downloaded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Version 2019). Radiellos were sent to the laboratory to determine the BTEX levels from the total VOCs. The total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentration over the combustion cycle was 306.7 ± 62.8 ppm. The flaming phase had the highest VOC concentration (547 ± 110.46 ppm), followed by the ignition phase (339.44 ± 40.6 ppm) and coking with the lowest concentration (24.64 ± 14.3). The average BTEX concentration was 15.7 ± 5.9 µg/m3 corresponding to the entire combustion cycle. BTEX concentrations were highest at the flaming phase (23.6 µg/m3) followed by the ignition (13.4 µg/m3) and coking phase (9.45 µg/m3). Ignition phase versus the flaming phase, there was a significant difference at 95% at a p-value of 0.09; ignition phase versus the coking phase, there was a significant difference at 95% at a p-value of 0.039; and coking phase versus the flaming phase, there was a significant difference at 95% at a p-value of 0.025. When compared to the occupational exposure limits (OELs), none of the exposure concentrations (BTEX) were above the 8 h exposure limit. The findings of this study suggest that charcoal, as a source of energy, can still be a useful and sustainable fuel for informal food traders. Shortening the ignition and flaming phase duration by using a fan to supply sufficient air can further reduce exposure to VOCs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BTEX Assessment among Informal Charcoal-Burning Food Traders for Cleaner and Sustainable Environment

Phama,

Keretetse,

Mbonane

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…There is a wide variety of laboratory reactors for carbon gasification kinetics studies. First of all, it is the drop tube reactor [17,18], and the quartz furnace [19,20]. The fluidized bed reactor makes it possible to achieve a high degree of isothermicity [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogravimetric Study of the Kinetics of the Reaction C + CO2 under Pore-Diffusion Control

Donskoy¹,

Козлов²

2021

Energies

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This study presents experimental studies of charcoal gasification with CO2 at different heating rates (1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 K min−1). The kinetics of the reaction C + CO2 under pore-diffusion control is studied. We propose a new method for the proper determination of activation energy during the processing of thermogravimetric curves of porous carbon gasification under conditions of pore-diffusion resistance. The results of the inverse kinetic problem solution are compared with different hypotheses about the regime of the investigated heterogeneous reaction process (kinetic, diffusion, pore-diffusion). The change of reaction regimes from kinetic to diffusion is detected during charcoal gasification at different heating rates. At heating rates of 5–20 K min−1, the values of activation energy of carbon gasification reaction in the carbon dioxide atmosphere, obtained by the proposed method, closely match the data found in the previous studies. The use of diffusion models in the processing of thermogravimetric curves determines the conditions under which conventional kinetic models fail to provide adequate information about the temperature dependence of the heterogeneous reaction rate.

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