Ignition and combustion study of premixed ammonia using GDI pilot injection in CI engine

Førby, Niels; Thomsen, Thomas B.; Cordtz, Rasmus Faurskov; Bræstrup, Frantz; Schramm, Jesper

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125768

Cited by 52 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…By increasing the intake temperature, Niels Forby et al 9 increased premixed ammonia energy up to 98.5%, and the rest is direct-injected n-heptane. When the intake temperature is raised, the ammonia energy fraction also increases, and NH 3 exhaust emissions decrease, which may shorten the ignition delay.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an ammonia-biodiesel dual fuel combustion engine's injection strategy map using response surface optimization and artificial neural network prediction

Elumalai,

Ravi,

Elumalai

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The study intends to calibrate the compression ignition (CI) engine split injection parameters as efficiently. The goal of the study is to find the best split injection parameters for a dual-fuel engine that runs on 40% ammonia and 60% biodiesel at 80% load and a constant speed of 1500 rpm with the CRDi system. To optimize and forecast split injection settings, the RSM and an ANN model are created. Based on the experimental findings, the RSM optimization research recommends a per-injection timing of 54 °CA bTDC, a main injection angle of 19 °CA bTDC, and a pilot mass of 42%. As a result, in comparison to the unoptimized map, the split injection optimized calibration map increases BTE by 12.33% and decreases BSEC by 6.60%, and the optimized map reduces HC, CO, smoke, and EGT emissions by 15.68%, 21.40%, 18.82, and 17.24%, while increasing NOx emissions by 15.62%. RSM optimization with the most desirable level was selected for map development, and three trials were carried out to predict the calibrated map using ANN. According to the findings, the ANN predicted all responses with R > 0.99, demonstrating the real-time reproducibility of engine variables in contrast to the RSM responses. The experimental validation of the predicted data has an error range of 1.03–2.86%, which is acceptable.

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Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an ammonia-biodiesel dual fuel combustion engine's injection strategy map using response surface optimization and artificial neural network prediction

Elumalai,

Ravi,

Elumalai

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Analogous to the use of diesel, many other organic compounds such as biodiesel [144], kerosene [145,146] and hydrocarbons such as n-heptane [147][148][149][150], dodecane [142,151,152], n-decane [153] or n-hexane [154] have been studied as potential fuels for CI engines in blends with ammonia. Regarding oxygenated compounds, dimethyl ether (DME) [80,109,143,148] and diethyl ether have also exhibited very good results as solvents for ammonia in dual mixtures [77,79,155].…”

Section: Green Ammonia As a Fuel For Compression Ignition (Ci) Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH3) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review

et al. 2023

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Considering the renewable electricity production using sustainable technologies, such as solar photovoltaics or wind turbines, it is essential to have systems that allow for storing the energy produced during the periods of lower consumption as well as the energy transportation through the distribution network. Despite hydrogen being considered a good candidate, it presents several problems related to its extremely low density, which requires the use of very high pressures to store it. In addition, its energy density in volumetric terms is still clearly lower than that of most liquid fuels. These facts have led to the consideration of ammonia as an alternative compound for energy storage or as a carrier. In this sense, this review deals with the evaluation of using green ammonia for different energetic purposes, such as an energy carrier vector, an electricity generator and E-fuel. In addition, this study has addressed the latest studies that propose the use of nitrogen-derived compounds, i.e., urea, hydrazine, ammonium nitrate, etc., as alternative fuels. In this study, the possibility of using other nitrogen-derived compounds, i.e., an update of the ecosystem surrounding green ammonia, has been assessed, from production to consumption, including storage, transportation, etc. Additionally, the future challenges in achieving a technical and economically viable energy transition have been determined.

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“…68 NH 3 with a greater latent heat absorbed greater heat energy inside the cylinder and dropped the in-cylinder temperature, thereby hindering combustion and resulting in lower CP at light load. 69 Furthermore, NH 3 -generated OH radicals were less active at lower in-cylinder temperatures. For 100% load, the BTE is reduced because the in-cylinder temperature is higher with more fuel and the time for effective combustion is shorter.…”

Section: Combustion Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of ideal engine parameters to adopt ammonia and algae biodiesel for reactivity controlled compression ignition engine using response surface methodology

Elumalai,

Ravi

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Renewable and green fuels like carbon-free ammonia and carbon neutral algal-biodiesel appear to be more promising alternatives. Reactivity controlled compression ignition offers a viable alternative to classical combustion. In current delving, compression ratio, injection timing and premixing ratio are established by investigating the combustion, performance, and emission parameters of reactivity-controlled compression ignition operation fueled with ammonia and algae biodiesel as low reactive and high reactive fuel. Primarily, different compression ratio (16, 17, and 18) for different ammonia energy premixing fractions (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) at 80% load with standard injection time (24° before top dead center) was evaluated to identify the ideal compression ratio. Next stage, different Injection timing (24°, 26°, and 28° before top dead center) was examined with that ideal compression ratio at 80% load utilizing combustion attributes. Finally, with the ideal compression ratio and injection timing (18° and 26°), the performance and emission for various ammonia energy premixing fractions (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) on the entire load ranges (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) were investigated and the optimal fuel fraction was arrived by multi objective optimization technique in response surface methodology by considering response weights. The multi objective optimization result enhances the 43% ammonia premixing combustion. The experimental validation of 43% ammonia premixing combustion achieved the best brake thermal efficiency of 34.02% whereas fuel consumption is 12.72 MJ/kWh. The maximum emission rate of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and smoke opacity is 47 ppm, 0.084% volume, 2.04% volume 593 ppm and 15.9%. In comparison to the Conventional biodiesel combustion, an increase in efficiency of 3.34% and a decrease in energy consumption of 3.72% are achieved for the 43% ammonia energy premixing combustion. Similarly, emissions were reduced by 45.35%, 44%, 46.25%, 23.44%, and 28.38% respectively than conventional biodiesel combustion.

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Ignition and combustion study of premixed ammonia using GDI pilot injection in CI engine

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

Development of an ammonia-biodiesel dual fuel combustion engine's injection strategy map using response surface optimization and artificial neural network prediction

Development of an ammonia-biodiesel dual fuel combustion engine's injection strategy map using response surface optimization and artificial neural network prediction

Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH3) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review

Optimization of ideal engine parameters to adopt ammonia and algae biodiesel for reactivity controlled compression ignition engine using response surface methodology

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