Ignition of Wood: A Review of the State of the Art

Abstract

IGNITION TEMPERATUREThe concept that combustible substances ignite when a given surface temperature is first attained is an empirical notion-in many cases, this is found to be true enough, so that even though not exactly true, the concept has utility and merit. It has also found significant application to theoretical modeling-closed-form theories for radiant ignition, for example, generally assume that ignition corresponds to a known, constant surface temperature T ig . Thus, the starting point for investigating the ignition of wood must be to examine experimental data on its ignition temperature. As can be seen in Table 1, studies on this question go back well into the 19 th century and have continued until the present time. The spread of data is clearly enormous. It might first be noted that even the term 'ignition temperature' tends to mean two different things: (1) the temperature of the surface at the time of ignition; or (2) the minimum temperature of a furnace sufficient for a specimen put therein to ignite. The latter notion might seem to be old and non-rigorous, but it must be remembered that: (a) the common test for ignition temperature is the Setchkin furnace, ASTM D 1929 [1], which is based on the latter definition; and (b) the user often needs to know the highest environment temperature to which he can subject a material without it igniting and he may be less interested in actual temperatures at the specimen. Excluding one value, the results in

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