Ignition Study of an Oxygenated and High-Alkene Light Petroleum Fraction Produced from Automotive Shredder Residues

Abstract

Waste to energy is a key driver to achieve a clean and virtuous renewable cycle. Among others, the processes to convert organic matter in wastes from automotive residues, mainly composed of rubbers and foams [ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polyurethane (PUR)], polyolefin plastics [polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)], styrenic plastics [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polystyrene (PS)], and other thermoplastics [polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polycarbonate (PC)], into a liquid fuel are now reliable. This new, atypical, and uncharted fuel is expected to emit large levels of pollutants, bringing new challenges that must be resolved by the combustion community. Advanced combustion modes appear to be a solution to enhance the efficiency and cutoff the NO x and soot particle emissions. The present paper addresses the scarcity of experimental data by investigating the autoignition in a rapid compression machine. The pressure and temperature were swept from 10 to 20 bar and from 700 to 880 K, respectively, and the equivalence ratio was equal to 0.5. These conditions match with the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode operating with exhaust gas recirculation, especially for the low to intermediate (intermediate to high) temperature (pressure). The studied fuel is the light fraction of the synthetic crude oil, described by high-alkene and high-oxygenate levels. Several specificities have been detected: a limited lowtemperature reactivity and a low negative temperature coefficient. Combustion simulation will be carried out in further work to determine to what extent advanced combustion modes will play a role to achieve a clean combustion in a waste-to-energy perspective.

Steam Pyrolysis of Oil Sludge for Energy-Valuable Products

“…According to TG data, the onset temperature of intense mass loss (decomposition) T d was 94 • C, the value of which correlates with that of the flash point T f (Table 3). Figure 9 shows that the mass loss of the sample in the temperature range of 25-100 • C was about 5%, which is likely due to the boiling of residual moisture and some oil fraction [47], for which the boiling temperature range was typically equal to 40-100 • C. At temperatures up to 200 • C, the mass loss was 35%, which is associated with the boiling and conversion of gasoline fractions [48]. In the temperature range of 200-300 • C, which corresponds to boiling of the hydrocarbon fraction with an intermediate molar mass (in particular, kerosene) [48], the mass loss was 49.5%.…”

Liquid Hydrocarbons Production by the Steam Gasification of Used Tires: Energy Characteristics and Environmental Sustainability

“…According to Figure 3a, the mass loss of S1-S4 samples in the temperature range of 25-associated with the boiling of residual moisture and some petroleum fraction [38], for which characteristic temperature range of boiling was 40-100 °C. For S1-S4 samples at 200 °C the mass loss was 24.8-36.8 wt% which was associated with boiling and conversion of light gasoline fractions [39].…”

Predicting octane numbers relying on principal component analysis and artificial neural network

“…According to the dierent scenarios, one important aspect to achieve sustainable development is the usage of alternative fuels. They could be energy carriers and electrofuels, 1,2 biofuels such as biodiesel, 3 fuels derived from wastes such as automotive shredder residues 4,5 and other types of molecules such as alcohols. 6 The number of sources of alcohol molecules increases with the development of fermentation and gasication.…”