Igualdad entre mujeres y hombres = Equality Between Women and Men

Abstract

Resumen: Este artículo trata de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres como principio fundamental del Estado de Derecho. Se ilustran aquí las tres dimensiones interconectadas de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres contenidas en la Convención para la eliminación de toda forma de discriminación hacia las mujeres (CEDAW). La CEDAW no se limita a considerar la dimensión formal de la igualdad o igualdad en derechos. Apunta a la necesidad de abordar la dimensión material de la igualdad, o igualdad de hecho, e indica las acciones positivas necesarias para ello. La concepción de la igualdad contenida en la CEDAW apela a su dimensión transformativa, es decir, apunta a la eliminación de los estereotipos y las estructuras sociales que perjudican a las mujeres y aspira a transformar la sociedad en su conjunto en términos igualitarios. Siguiendo recomendaciones recientes del Comité CEDAW, se señala finalmente la necesidad de considerar las discriminaciones que sufren las mujeres como el resultado de la intersección de las estructuras de género con otros ejes de desigualdad interconectadas.Palabras clave: Igualdad formal, Igualdad de hecho, CEDAW, Igualdad transformativa, Interseccionalidad, cambio social, justicia global.Abstract: This article addresses equality between women and men as a fundamental principle of the Rule of Law. The three interconnected dimensions of equality between women and men that are contained in the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) are here illustrated. CEDAW does not restrain its focus to the formal dimension of equality or equality before the law. It points to the need to address the substantive dimension of equality, or equality de facto, and indicates the positive measures needed to this end. The conception of equality contained in the CEDAW appeals to the transformative dimension of equality, that is to say, it aims to eliminate stereotypes and social structures that harm women and to transform society as a whole in egalitarian terms. Following recent recommendations of CEDAW Committee, the need to consider women’s discrimination as the result of the intersection of gender structures with other interconnected axes of inequality is finally pointed out.Keywords: Formal equality, Substantive equality, CEDAW, Transformative equality, Intersectionality, social change, global justice.

Gender inequalities during a global pandemic: The link between female solo self‐employment, informality, caregiving responsibilities, and quality of life 1 year after the Covid‐19 pandemic

“…The gender gap in income and the feminization of informal employment respond to the labor segregation faced by women (Barberá et al, 2011; Cebrián & Moreno, 2018; Silvestre Ramos, 2016). Women join the workforce to perform a certain set of tasks, and while employed, they hold jobs that are distinct from those held by men.…”

“…Women join the workforce to perform a certain set of tasks, and while employed, they hold jobs that are distinct from those held by men. This situation allows for the separation of two types of gendered labor segregation—vertical and horizontal (Barberá et al, 2011). The first refers to the fact that women predominately carry out tasks associated with some professions that have historically been regarded as “feminine” in accordance with the sexual division of labor, and the second refers to the challenges women face in climbing corporate hierarchies to positions of greater responsibility (Barberá et al, 2011).…”

“…This situation allows for the separation of two types of gendered labor segregation—vertical and horizontal (Barberá et al, 2011). The first refers to the fact that women predominately carry out tasks associated with some professions that have historically been regarded as “feminine” in accordance with the sexual division of labor, and the second refers to the challenges women face in climbing corporate hierarchies to positions of greater responsibility (Barberá et al, 2011). Although families have changed and their structures have become more diverse, there are still significant differences in family life by class and racial or ethnic issues (ECLAC, 2016).…”

“…The occupational segregation of women may be related to the unequal distribution of family responsibilities within the home. The challenges women face in balancing work and family life could be reflected in the difficulty of promoting them to more demanding managerial positions, as well as their concentration in particular activities, their discontinuous work trajectories, and the significant number of women who work in informal settings (Barberá et al, 2011; Cebrián & Moreno, 2018).…”