IgY: clues to the origins of modern antibodies

Warr, Gregory W.; Magor, Katharine E.; Higgins, David

doi:10.1016/0167-5699(95)80008-5

Cited by 431 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To our knowledge, IgY has previously been described only in birds and amphibians (Warr et al, 1995;Lundgvist et al, 2006), and its discovery in the turtle fills up the gap in the knowledge IgY in vertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However in anuran amphibians, five isotypes have so far been reported, namely, IgM, IgY, IgX, IgD and IgF, and studies on amphibian Igs have mostly resulted from the model animal Xenopus. Xenopus IgY, which is consisted of four constant region domains, is regarded as a functional homologue of mammalian IgG (Warr et al, 1995). IgX has been considered to be an analogue of mammalian IgA because a large number of IgXpositive B cells were preferentially expressed in the gut epithelium (Mussmann et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IgM, IgD and IgY and their expression pattern in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

Wang

Nie

2009

Molecular Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgM, IgD and IgY and their expression pattern in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

Wang

Nie

2009

Molecular Immunology

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“…7). Another important point regarding Ig evolution in tetrapods is that mammalian species inherited all IgH classes from the common tetrapod ancestor, with IgY subsequently functionally diversifying into IgG and IgE 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discovery of m to m CSR in this study strongly suggests that these elements developed by gene duplication of the most 5 0 -m gene, which is similar to the finding that multiple crocodilian m genes likely resulted from gene duplication. Furthermore, it has long been hypothesized that nonIgM/IgD-encoding genes in tetrapods were initially derived by duplication of the m gene 26 . In addition, as there is an Em enhancer with promoter activity between the JH region and the first m in mammals and birds 33,50 , the I promoters of non-IgM/ IgD-encoding genes are likely to be derived from the Em enhancer accompanying the duplication process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extensive diversification of IgH subclass-encoding genes and IgM subclass switching in crocodilians

et al. 2013

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Crocodilians are a group of reptiles that are closely related to birds and are thought to possess a strong immune system. Here we report that the IgH locus in the Siamese crocodile and the Chinese alligator contains multiple m genes, in contrast to other tetrapods. Both the m2 and m3 genes are expressed through class-switch recombination involving the switch region and germline transcription. Both IgM1 and IgM2 are present in the serum as polymers, which implies that IgM class switching may have significant roles in humoural immunity. The crocodilian a genes are the first IgA-encoding genes identified in reptiles, and these genes show an inverted transcriptional orientation similar to that of birds. The identification of both a and d genes in crocodilians suggests that the IgH loci of modern living mammals, reptiles and birds share a common ancestral organization.

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Evidence for an early appearance of modern post-switch isotypes in mammalian evolution; cloning of IgE, IgG and IgA from the marsupialMonodelphis domestica

Aveskogh

Hellman

1998

Eur. J. Immunol.

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In birds, reptiles and amphibians the IgY isotype exhibits the functional characteristics of both of IgG and IgE. Hence, the gene for IgY most likely duplicated some time during early mammalian evolution and formed the ancestor of present day IgG and IgE. To address the question of when IgY duplicated and formed two functionally distinct isotypes, and to study when IgG and IgA lost their second constant domains, we have examined the Ig expression in a non-placental mammal, the marsupial Monodelphis domestica (grey short-tailed opossum). Screening of an opossum spleen cDNA library revealed the presence of all three isotypes in marsupials. cDNA clones encoding the entire constant regions of opossum IgE (epsilon chain), IgG (gamma chain) and IgA (alpha chain) were isolated, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. A comparative analysis of the amino acid sequences for IgY, IgA, IgE and IgG from various animal species showed that opossum IgE, IgG and IgA on the phylogenetic tree form branches clearly separated from their eutherian counterparts. However, they still conform to the general structure found in eutherian IgE, IgG and IgA. Our findings indicate that all the major evolutionary changes in the Ig isotype repertoire, and in basic Ig structure that have occurred since the evolutionary separation of mammals from the early reptile lineages, occurred prior to the evolutionary separation of marsupials and placental mammals.

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IgY: clues to the origins of modern antibodies

Cited by 431 publications

References 35 publications

IgM, IgD and IgY and their expression pattern in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

IgM, IgD and IgY and their expression pattern in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

Extensive diversification of IgH subclass-encoding genes and IgM subclass switching in crocodilians

Evidence for an early appearance of modern post-switch isotypes in mammalian evolution; cloning of IgE, IgG and IgA from the marsupialMonodelphis domestica

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