§ II.—Antiquities found in the British Zone 1915–1919

Gardner, Ernest A.; Casson, Stanley

doi:10.1017/s006824540000366x

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“…At their confluence, the Voidomatis, which carved the impressive Vikos Gorge farther south, runs in a northsouth direction, whereas the Aoös runs roughly east-west, merges with 37. See Gardner andCasson 1918-1919, esp. pp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Type of Early Iron Age Fibula from Albania and Northwest Greece

Papadopoulos¹

2010

Hesperia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Type of Early Iron Age Fibula from Albania and Northwest Greece

Papadopoulos¹

2010

Hesperia

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“…Among the later finds, of particular importance were the Iron Age jewellery from the Chauchitza cemetery mentioned above and a warrior burial of the Classical period discovered by Major Wade and Ephor Pelekidis while investigating reports of looting near Thessaloniki (figure 3) (Morgan 2017:148-152). These finds were rapidly published in the Annual of the British School at Athens after the War, resulting in a wide-ranging survey of the Neolithic-Byzantine archaeology of Macedonia (Gardner and Casson 1919).…”

Section: Significant Findsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curating the Macedonian Campaign

Shapland¹

2022

Curating the Great War

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As I found the graves of these well-armed warriors I could not but reflect on the progress of civilisation, for above those graves I had first, before excavation, to clear away countless shell-fragments, cartridges and all the oddments of modern war, before I could arrive, a few feet lower down, at the armaments of our ancestors'. (Casson 1935:275) In 2012 the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki put on a temporary exhibition called 'Archaeology Behind Battle Lines' (Adam-Veleni and Koukouvou 2012). It marked an important anniversary: the centenary of the foundation of the Archaeological Service in Macedonia, which was formed as a result of the military conquest of Thessaloniki by Greek forces in 1912 during the First Balkan War. It shows the importance of archaeology to the Hellenic State that the archaeology of Macedonia was given protection even before the 1913 Treaty of London had been signed, marking the formal absorption of Thessaloniki and its surrounding area into Greece. The exhibition covered the first ten years of the Archaeological Service, finishing with objects brought by refugees from Asia Minor in 1922 as a result of the disastrous Greek campaign to expand the borders of the state further east (Koukouvou 2017). In this part of the world, the Great War was part of a much longer period of conflict which helped to determine the borders and populations of the modern Greek state. Among the exhibits were objects excavated at the site of Chauchitza by Stanley Casson in 1921-1922. The countless shell-fragments Casson describes were the product of the British front line around Lake Doiran, where three major battles against Bulgarian and German forces were fought between 1916 and 1918. The Iron Age cemetery of Chauchitza was discovered accidentally in a camp behind the lines by a YMCA volunteer named Robert Gaddie in 1917 (Casson 1935:274; Maitland 2017). Captain Casson, who was serving both as an intelligence officer in the British Army and acting as assistant curator in the British Salonika Force Museum in Thessaloniki, investigated the site and found more burials. In 1921 he returned to excavate the site properly and the finds became some of the first additions to the collection of the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki (Casson 1921). The original finds from the site had ended up in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh and the British Museum in London. Other warrior graves from Macedonia became part of the Louvre collections. Casson himself resumed his academic career, writing an important book on the history and archaeology of Macedonia before signing up again at the outbreak of the Second World War and dying while on military service in 1944 (Casson 1926; Myres 1945).

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“…The significant finds made by the British Army during this period were described in the Annual of the British School at Athens published immediately after the war, in which Gardner and Casson (1918-19) summarised the various discoveries directly related to the BSF Museum. Tod (1918-19) published the inscriptions, and short notes were provided by other archaeologists, including Picard (1918-19) who summarised French discoveries.…”

Section: Chance Findsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The archaeological activities of the British Salonika Force (and of the Allied Army of the Orient of which it was a part) are well-documented. British and French archaeologists published accounts of their discoveries (Casson 1916;Rey 1916Rey , 1917Gardner and Casson 1918-19;Picard 1918-19). These, in turn prompted further work after the War had ended at promising sites, notably Chauchitza (Maitland this volume).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The British Salonika Force Collection at the British Museum 1

Shapland¹

2017

Archaeology Behind the Battle Lines

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British Museum this volume). Inevitably antiquities were found during the trench-digging of the winter of 1915/1916 but it was the Greek Government's concern for the Byzantine artifacts associated with abandoned churches that provided the impetus for a formal agreement about the care of antiquities. In February 1916 the British Minister in Athens, Sir Francis Elliot, asked the British officer in charge of Intelligence in Salonika, Colonel Cunliffe Owen, to investigate. The matter was passed on to Lieutenant Ernest Gardner, Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of London, who was serving as an intelligence officer in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. 2 Gardner had already persuaded Cunliffe Owen to ensure that British orders for the protection of all antiquities were issued in December 1915, but the Greek Government's intervention meant that British and French officials met with the Byzantine Ephor, Adamantios Adamantiou, to formalise arrangements (Gardner and Casson 1918-19, 10). All agreed that Greek antiquities laws were to be upheld, but that the British and French forces were to take responsibility for doing so on behalf of the Ephorate. Gardner conveyed this agreement about the care of antiquities in person to General Sarrail, commander of the Allied Forces. 3 Orders were issued on 21 February 1916 which became the basis for the British and French forces' approach to archaeology in Salonika (Rey 1917-19, 13; Descamps-Lequime, this volume).Although British and French forces were subject to the same agreement, archaeological activities were divided between the British and French zones, reflecting the semi-autonomy of the two commands. As a result finds from the British zone were kept separately from objects found by the French Army. Ernest Gardner, soon promoted to Lieutenant-Commander, was put in charge of the British finds, collected in what he called the Salonika Museum, which later became known as the BSF Museum. From February 1916 the Museum was located in the White Tower, a remnant of the Ottoman city walls on the Thessaloniki harbourfront. A photograph

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§ II.—Antiquities found in the British Zone 1915–1919

Cited by 5 publications

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A New Type of Early Iron Age Fibula from Albania and Northwest Greece

A New Type of Early Iron Age Fibula from Albania and Northwest Greece

Curating the Macedonian Campaign

The British Salonika Force Collection at the British Museum 1

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