II Consenso Brasileiro de Fator Antinuclear em Células HEp-2: Definitions for standardization of autoantibody testing against the nucleus (ANA HEp-2), nucleolus, cytoplasm and mitotic apparatus, as wel as its clinical associations

Abstract

Definições para a padronização da pesquisa de auto-anticorpos contra constituintes do núcleo (FAN HEp-2), nucléolo, citoplasma e aparelho mitótico e suas associações clínicas II Brazilian Consensus on Antinuclear Antibodies in HEp-2 Cells Definitions for standardization of autoantibody testing against the nucleus (ANA HEp-2), nucleolus, cytoplasm and mitotic apparatus, as wel as its clinical associations

International consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP): the bumpy road towards a consensus on reporting ANA results

“…The introduction of HEp-2 cells as the substrate for ANA IIF has increased the awareness that, besides nuclear patterns, cytoplasmic and mitotic cell patterns can also be recognized. As such, the term anti-cellular antibodies has been suggested to encompass the wider spectrum of these autoantibodies [ 8 , 9 ]. However, because the use of the acronym ANA is firmly established and universally used, replacement by an alternative terminology will not be easy.…”

“…The discussion was prepared in advance by Carlos von Mühlen (Brazil), Ignacio Garcia De La Torre (Mexico), and Jan Damoiseaux (The Netherlands). The input included a number of (inter)national recommendations on this topic [ 1 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 12 – 18 ] and two proposals.…”

“…However, in relation to the discussion whether a cytoplasmic or mitotic apparatus staining pattern is to be considered ANA positive, a straightforward interpretation in terms of “ANA negative” or “ANA positive” was thought to be helpful. In Argentina, Belgium and Brazil, it is recommended that results for distinct cellular compartments are reported, but this does not unequivocally imply that a cytoplasmic/mitotic apparatus reactivity is to be considered ANA positive [ 9 , 16 , 18 ]. In the second Brazilian consensus on ANA in HEp-2 cells, however, it was decided that cytoplasmic patterns are to be considered ANA positive, but a subtitle is to be added to the report, stating that “ANA is actually a test that detects autoantibodies to cellular antigens—thus encompassing the whole cellular anatomy and all cellular structures” [ 9 ].…”

“…In Argentina, Belgium and Brazil, it is recommended that results for distinct cellular compartments are reported, but this does not unequivocally imply that a cytoplasmic/mitotic apparatus reactivity is to be considered ANA positive [ 9 , 16 , 18 ]. In the second Brazilian consensus on ANA in HEp-2 cells, however, it was decided that cytoplasmic patterns are to be considered ANA positive, but a subtitle is to be added to the report, stating that “ANA is actually a test that detects autoantibodies to cellular antigens—thus encompassing the whole cellular anatomy and all cellular structures” [ 9 ]. Also, the Italian recommendations of the Forum Interdisciplinare per la Ricerca nelle Mallattie Autoimmuni (FIRMA) explicitly state that a cytoplasmic pattern is to be considered ANA positive ( http://www.gruppofirma.com ).…”

Prevalence of autoantibodies against cellular antigens in patients with HIV and leprosy coinfection in the Amazon region

“…According to the Brazilian Consensus of ANF in HEp-2 cells [38], AACA with cytoplasmic filamentous fibrillar staining are associated with several inflammatory and infectious diseases, whereas the cytoplasmic filamentous linear staining can be found in autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis. Under those same guidelines, for those patients with conditions that can lead to autoimmunity, such as infectious diseases, future discoveries may elucidate clinical aspects associated with cytoplasmic AACA.…”