IL-17 and IL-11 GCF Levels in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: Relation to PCR Bacterial Detection

Abstract

Objectives. This study evaluated IL-17 and IL-11 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients in relation to periodontopathic bacteria. Subjects and Methods. GCF samples were collected from 65 subjects including 25 CP, 25 GAgP, and 15 controls (C) and analyzed for IL-17 and IL-11 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular detection of bacteria in the dental plaque was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. The total amount of IL-17 was significantly higher in GAgP group than in GCP and C groups (P < 0.001). The IL-11 concentration was significantly higher in C and GCP groups than GAgP group (P < 0.001). The IL-11/IL-17 ratio was significantly higher in the C group than in GCP and GAgP groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, GAgP group showed lower ratios of IL-11/IL-17 when compared to GCP group. The high positivity of P. gingivalis in the dental plaque was associated with significantly increased GCF levels of IL-17 in GCP and GAgP patients. Conclusions. The increased IL-17 level in GCF of GAgP suggests a potential role in the aetiopathogenesis. Meanwhile, the decreased ratio of IL-11/IL-17 might reflect an imbalance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different periodontal diseases.

Classification and diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis

“…Eighteen papers were reviewed. Case definitions and methodologic approaches differed substantially . Of note, Teles et.…”

IL‐17: overview and role in oral immunity and microbiome

“…In fact, IL‐17 expression is higher in periodontitis than in gingivitis and is almost undetectable in healthy control tissues (Honda et al , ; Moutsopoulos et al , ; Okui et al , ). IL‐17 is also shown to be increased in aggressive periodontitis compared with chronic periodontitis and controls (Shaker and Ghallab, ). Finally, numerous studies have found an increase in Th17‐related cytokines in periodontal lesions, such as IL‐23, IL‐21, and other pro‐inflammatory and osteoclastogenic mediators such as IL‐6 and RANKL, respectively (Lester et al , ; Cardoso et al , ; Dutzan et al , ; Ohyama et al , ; Allam et al , ).…”

A panoramic review and in silico analysis of IL-11 structure and function

“…As an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-11 has been identified as having immunomodulatory activities by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis [81,82]. IL-11 is not normally found in systemic circulation but instead is locally detected and shows activity in inflamed areas in pathologic conditions, such as chronic skin lesions in atopic dermatitis [83], inflammatory arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease [84].…”

“…Based on the pivotal role of IL-11 in inflammatory conditions, it has been investigated as a candidate for treating rheumatoid arthritis [92], Crohn's disease [93], refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura [94], and periodontal diseases [82,95].…”