Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, accounting for .45% of new cases of dialysis. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidant stress, pathologic features that are shared by many other chronic inflammatory diseases. The cytokine IL-17A was initially implicated as a mediator of chronic inflammatory diseases, but recent studies dispute these findings and suggest that IL-17A can favorably modulate inflammation. Here, we examined the role of IL-17A in diabetic nephropathy. We observed that IL-17A levels in plasma and urine were reduced in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy. Type 1 diabetic mice that are genetically deficient in IL-17A developed more severe nephropathy, whereas administration of low-dose IL-17A prevented diabetic nephropathy in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, IL-17A administration effectively treated, prevented, and reversed established nephropathy in genetic models of diabetes. Protective effects were also observed after administration of IL-17F but not IL-17C or IL-17E. Notably, tubular epithelial cell-specific overexpression of IL-17A was sufficient to suppress diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, IL-17A administration suppressed phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, a central mediator of fibrosis, upregulated anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophage WAP domain protein in an AMP-activated protein kinasedependent manner and favorably modulated renal oxidative stress and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Administration of recombinant microglia/macrophage WAP domain protein suppressed diabetes-induced albuminuria and enhanced M2 marker expression. These observations suggest that the beneficial effects of IL-17 are isoform-specific and identify low-dose IL-17A administration as a promising therapeutic approach in diabetic kidney disease. CKDs such as diabetic nephropathy are a serious public health problem. In the United States, .20 million adults have CKD, and 20%-40% of patients with diabetes develop nephropathy. The financial burden of diabetes is estimated to be $245 billion per year in the United States alone, and the cost for diabetic nephropathy is estimated to be .$20 billion per year. While intensive insulin therapy and control of hypertension can delay the onset of diabetic nephropathy, 1-3 these therapies cannot reverse CKD once it has developed. Recently, feeding mice a strictly ketogenic diet (5% carbohydrate, 8% protein, 87% fat) reversed a mild form of nephropathy. 4 Although implementing such an extreme diet