IL-1β, IL-6 and IL1Ra levels in temporal lobe epilepsy

Uludağ, İrem Fatma; Duksal, Tarik; Tiftikçioğlu, Bedile İrem; Zorlu, Yaşar; Ozkaya, Feriha; Kırkalı, Güldal

doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2015.01.009

Cited by 96 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Consistent preclinical and clinical findings support the presence of a persistent inflammatory condition in the brain and plasma of subjects with epilepsy (4, 6, 11). Epileptic seizures often affect heart rate and rhythm, and poor seizure control is by far the major clinical risk factor for SUDEP (2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Studies focused on the pathological basis of epilepsy have focused on the role of inflammatory events (6). Basic and clinical studies has been described that chronic inflammatory state contribute to the pathogenesis of seizures and maintance of epilepsy (6, 11, 12). Previously, we demonstrated chronically elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the ventricles of rats with seizures (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Heart Levels of Interleukin-6 in Rats with Chronic Inflammation due to Epilepsy

et al. 2017

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Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of premature death related to epilepsy. The causes of SUDEP remain unknown, but cardiac arrhythmias and asphyxia have been suggested as a major mechanism of this event. Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both epilepsy and ventricular arrhythmia, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) being recognized as a crucial orchestrator of inflammatory states. Our group previously reported that levels of IL-6 were increased in the hearts of epileptic rats. In this scenario, anti-inflammatory actions are among the beneficial effects of fish oil dietary supplementation. This investigation revealed that elevated levels of IL-6 in the heart were markedly reduced in epileptic rats that were treated in the long-term with fish oil, suggesting protective anti-inflammatory actions against dangerously high levels of IL-6. Based on these findings, our results suggest beneficial effects of long-term intake of fish oil in reducing the inflammation associated with chronic epilepsy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Heart Levels of Interleukin-6 in Rats with Chronic Inflammation due to Epilepsy

et al. 2017

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“…Studies have examined circulating cytokines in patients with recurrent seizures and find elevated levels of IL‐6, IL‐1Ra in the postictal period . In one study, elevated IL‐1β has also been observed in the intracellular ictal period in patients with recurrent temporal lobe epilepsy . Anakinra has been administered to patients with a severe seizure disorder termed febrile infection‐related epilepsy (FIRE) syndrome and resulted in a cessation of the seizures …”

Section: Il‐1 Receptor Antagonist (Il‐1ra)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the IL‐1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity

Dinarello

2017

Immunological Reviews

1,382

1,098

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Summary The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology because the IL-1 family and Toll-like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is primarily associated with innate immunity. More than 95% of living organisms use innate immune mechanisms for survival whereas less than 5% depend on T-and B-cell functions. Innate immunity is manifested by inflammation, which can function as a mechanism of host defense but when uncontrolled is detrimental to survival. Each member of the IL-1 receptor and TLR family contains the cytoplasmic Toll-IL-1-Receptor (TIR) domain. The 50 amino acid TIR domains are highly homologous with the Toll protein in Drosophila. The TIR domain is nearly the same and present in each TLR and each IL-1 receptor family. Whereas IL-1 family cytokine members trigger innate inflammation via IL-1 family of receptors, TLRs trigger inflammation via bacteria, microbial products, viruses, nucleic acids, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In fact, IL-1 family member IL-1a and IL-33 also function as DAMPs. Although the inflammatory properties of the IL-1 family dominate in innate immunity, IL-1 family member can play a role in acquired immunity. This overview is a condensed update of the IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors.

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“…These cytokines have been detected in sera from people with TLE [12, 131] and from resected brain tissue from people with intractable epilepsy [48, 49, 111, 112]. Initial testing included different C57BL/6 mice that were deficient in these cytokines or their receptors, and mice were followed for the development of seizures.…”

Section: Experimental Models To Study Mechanisms Of Epileptogenesis Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections, inflammation and epilepsy

et al. 2015

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Epilepsy is the tendency to have unprovoked epileptic seizures. Anything causing structural or functional derangement of brain physiology may lead to seizures, and different conditions may express themselves solely by recurrent seizures and thus be labelled "epilepsy." Worldwide, epilepsy is the most common serious neurological condition. The range of risk factors for the development of epilepsy varies with age and geographic location. Congenital, developmental and genetic conditions are mostly associated with the development of epilepsy in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. Head trauma, infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and tumours may occur at any age and may lead to the development of epilepsy. Infections of the CNS are a major risk factor for epilepsy. The reported risk of unprovoked seizures in populationbased cohorts of survivors of CNS infections from developed countries is between 6.8 and 8.3 %, and is much higher in resource-poor countries. In this review, the various viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infectious diseases of the CNS which result in seizures and epilepsy are discussed. The pathogenesis of epilepsy due to brain infections, as well as the role of experimental models to study mechanisms of epileptogenesis induced by infectious agents, is reviewed. The sterile (noninfectious) inflammatory response that occurs following brain insults is also discussed, as well as its overlap with inflammation due to infections, and the potential role in epileptogenesis. Furthermore, autoimmune encephalitis as a cause of seizures is reviewed. Potential strategies to prevent epilepsy resulting from brain infections and non-infectious inflammation are also considered.

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IL-1β, IL-6 and IL1Ra levels in temporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract: The major findings in our study were increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-1Ra in epileptic patients and high levels of IL-1β in TLE group. Our results support the existence of a chronic inflammatory state in epileptic patients.

Cited by 96 publications

References 26 publications

Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Heart Levels of Interleukin-6 in Rats with Chronic Inflammation due to Epilepsy

Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Heart Levels of Interleukin-6 in Rats with Chronic Inflammation due to Epilepsy

Overview of the IL‐1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity

Infections, inflammation and epilepsy

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