2018
DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0101
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IL-2 and Beyond in Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract: The development of the T- and natural killer (NK) cell growth factor IL-2 has been a sentinel force ushering in the era of immunotherapy in cancer. With the advent of clinical grade recombinant IL-2 in the mid-1980s, oncologists could for the first time directly manipulate lymphocyte populations with systemic therapy. By itself, recombinant IL-2 can induce clinical responses in up to 15% of patients with metastatic cancer or renal cell carcinoma. When administered with adoptively transferred tumor-reactive lym… Show more

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Cited by 99 publications
(69 citation statements)
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“…Of note, using IFN-γ ELISPOT and restimulation of splenic cells after vaccination with all single peptides of the EBNA1 peptide mix, we showed that the EBNA1-specific T cell responses were distributed quite evenly over the whole length of the EBNA1 protein, with stronger peptide recognition in 4 clusters (Supplemental Figure 2B). In addition to IFN-γ, other Th1 cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-2 have been shown to play a role in antiviral and/or antitumor immunity (29,30). To assess the number of polyfunctional EBNA1-specific T cells after different vaccination schemes, we analyzed their cytokine expression profile by ICS.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of note, using IFN-γ ELISPOT and restimulation of splenic cells after vaccination with all single peptides of the EBNA1 peptide mix, we showed that the EBNA1-specific T cell responses were distributed quite evenly over the whole length of the EBNA1 protein, with stronger peptide recognition in 4 clusters (Supplemental Figure 2B). In addition to IFN-γ, other Th1 cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-2 have been shown to play a role in antiviral and/or antitumor immunity (29,30). To assess the number of polyfunctional EBNA1-specific T cells after different vaccination schemes, we analyzed their cytokine expression profile by ICS.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This technique was used to cultivate tumour-reactive cytotoxic T cells. This allowed a more in-depth study of this lymphocyte growth factor, thus giving it the name IL-2 [ 80 ], which was approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer in 1992 and advanced melanoma in 1998. IL-2 has opposite functions, acting as a T-cell growth factor during the initiation of the immune response, but is also essential for terminating the T-cell response, maintaining self-tolerance.…”
Section: Immuno-oncologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IL‐2 plays a pivotal role in the development of cancer immunotherapy by expanding T cells and sustaining their functional activity (Rosenberg, 2014). In more detail, IL‐2 acts as a powerful T cells growth factor, activator of T lymphocytes function, and survival and differentiation regulatory factor by interacting with multimeric IL‐2R (Wrangle, Patterson et al, 2018). The binding of IL‐2 to its receptor provokes multiple signal transduction pathways, resulting in stimulation of protein tyrosine kinases including JAK1 and JAK3 and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of STAT3 and STAT5 transcription factors (Salmaninejad et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2005).…”
Section: Combination Therapy Of Cytokines and Pd‐1/pd‐l1 Inhibitorsmentioning
confidence: 99%