IL-23 and TGF-β1 levels as potential predictive biomarkers in treatment of bipolar I disorder with acute manic episode

The effect of mood-stabilizing drugs on cytokine levels in bipolar disorder: A systematic review

“…Under stimulated conditions, similar levels were found in patients with mania compared to HCs (Kim et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2004), however in vivo decreased IL-2 levels were found (Ortiz-Dominguez et al, 2007). For IL-10, no differences were found in 3 studies on IL-10 levels in both stimulated (Liu et al, 2004) and non-stimulated (Li et al, 2015;Uyanik et al, 2015) conditions. While IFN-γ levels in 2 studies in stimulated conditions were found to be similar (Kim et al, 2007) or decreased (Liu et al, 2004), 2 in vivo studies show increased (Kim et al, 2004;Uyanik et al, 2015) levels in patients with mania compared to HCs.…”

“…For TNF-α, IL-6, sIL-2R and sIL-6R, both increased (Kim et al, 2007;Maes et al, 1995a;OrtizDominguez et al, 2007;Uyanik et al, 2015) or similar (Li et al, 2015;Maes et al, 1995a;Tsai et al, 2003Tsai et al, , 2001 cytokine levels have been found in patients compared to HCs. Particularly for the studies analyzing sIL-2R and sIL-6R, the number of patients is small and the medication-free period short (4 1-2w) (Maes et al, 1995a;Tsai et al, 2003Tsai et al, , 2001.…”

“…For TGF-β, both increased (Li et al, 2015) and decreased (Kim et al, 2004) levels have been found in patients with mania. Interleukin-2 has been studied in 3 articles.…”

“…Particularly for the studies analyzing sIL-2R and sIL-6R, the number of patients is small and the medication-free period short (4 1-2w) (Maes et al, 1995a;Tsai et al, 2003Tsai et al, , 2001. The other studies investigating TNF-α and IL-6 are characterized by larger patient groups, a longer medication-free period ( 43w-4m) and a more transparent description of methodology (Kim et al, 2007;Li et al, 2015;OrtizDominguez et al, 2007;Uyanik et al, 2015). The ex vivo study of Kim et al (2007) was performed with PHA and LPS stimulated whole blood.…”

Bipolar disorder with Marfan syndrome: a case illustration based on possible involvement of TGF-β1 in the common etiopathogenesis

“…Two recent studies have not demonstrated elevated TGF-β1 plasma levels in BPD [13,14]. In contrast, another has found TGF-β1 and IL-23 plasma levels significantly higher in BPD [15] (Table 1). Such controversial findings may be attributed to low sensitivity of peripheral levels of any biomarker that shows neuroinflammatory status.…”