IL-36 s in the colorectal cancer: is interleukin 36 good or bad for the development of colorectal cancer?

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background : Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy with high morbidity/mortality, partly due to a lack of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis. It is important to develop reliable biomarker(s) with specificity, sensitivity and convenience for early diagnosis. The role of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and survival of GC patients are controversial. Macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) regulates monocytes/macrophages. Elevated MCSF is correlated with invasion, metastasis and poor survival of tumour patients. IL-34, a ligand of the MCSF receptor, acts as a “twin” to MCSF, demonstrating overlapping and complimentary actions. IL-34 involvement in tumours is controversial, possibly due to the levels of MCSF receptors. While the IL‑34/MCSF/MCSFR axis is very important for regulating macrophage differentiation, the specific interplay between these cytokines, macrophages and tumour development is unclear. Methods : A multi-factorial evaluation could provide more objective utility, particularly for either prediction and/or prognosis of gastric cancer. Precision medicine requires molecular diagnosis to determine the specifically mutant function of tumours, and is becoming popular in the treatment of malignancy. Therefore, elucidating specific molecular signalling pathways in specific cancers facilitates the success of a precision medicine approach. Gastric cancer tissue arrays were generated from stomach samples with TNM stage, invasion depth and the demography of these patients (n=185). Using immunohistochemistry/histopathology, MCSF, IL-34 and macrophages were determined. Results : We found that IL-34 may serve as a predictive biomarker, but not as an independent, prognostic factor in GC; MCSF inversely correlated with survival of GC in TNM III‑IV subtypes. Increased CD68 + TAMs were a good prognostic factor in some cases and could be used as an independent prognostic factor in male T3 stage GC. Conclusion : Our data support the potency of IL-34, MCSF, TAMs and the combination of IL‑34/TAMs as novel biological markers for GC, and may provide new insight for both diagnosis and cellular therapy of GC.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse correlation between Interleukin-34 and gastric cancer, a potential biomarker for prognosis

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The SPSS 16.0 statistical software package was used for the statistical analysis. Comparison between two groups was performed via Mann–Whitney U test, as described [ 44 , 45 ]. Comparisons among multi-groups were performed via Kruskal–Wallis test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse correlation between Interleukin-34 and gastric cancer, a potential biomarker for prognosis

et al. 2020

Cell Biosci

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Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy with high morbidity/mortality, partly due to a lack of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis. It is important to develop reliable biomarker(s) with specificity, sensitivity and convenience for early diagnosis. The role of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and survival of GC patients are controversial. Macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) regulates monocytes/macrophages. Elevated MCSF is correlated with invasion, metastasis and poor survival of tumour patients. IL-34, a ligand of the M-CSF receptor, acts as a “twin” to M-CSF, demonstrating overlapping and complimentary actions. IL-34 involvement in tumours is controversial, possibly due to the levels of M-CSF receptors. While the IL-34/M-CSF/M-CSFR axis is very important for regulating macrophage differentiation, the specific interplay between these cytokines, macrophages and tumour development is unclear. Methods A multi-factorial evaluation could provide more objective utility, particularly for either prediction and/or prognosis of gastric cancer. Precision medicine requires molecular diagnosis to determine the specifically mutant function of tumours, and is becoming popular in the treatment of malignancy. Therefore, elucidating specific molecular signalling pathways in specific cancers facilitates the success of a precision medicine approach. Gastric cancer tissue arrays were generated from stomach samples with TNM stage, invasion depth and the demography of these patients (n = 185). Using immunohistochemistry/histopathology, M-CSF, IL-34 and macrophages were determined. Results We found that IL-34 may serve as a predictive biomarker, but not as an independent, prognostic factor in GC; M-CSF inversely correlated with survival of GC in TNM III–IV subtypes. Increased CD68 + TAMs were a good prognostic factor in some cases and could be used as an independent prognostic factor in male T3 stage GC. Conclusion Our data support the potency of IL-34, M-CSF, TAMs and the combination of IL-34/TAMs as novel biological markers for GC, and may provide new insight for both diagnosis and cellular therapy of GC.

“…Photomicrographs from each of the tissue arrays were taken with a xed exposure time and colour balance to ensure consistency. IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 productions were quanti ed using ImagePro Plus9.1, (Media Cybernetic, Silver Spring, MD), as described previously [29].…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 may Serve as Diagnosis Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer

Xia

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To determine whether IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 can be used as biomarkers for the detection of gastric cancer (GC), via evaluating the correlations between IL-31, IL-32 and IL‑33 expression and clinicopathological parameters of GC patients.Methods: Tissue array (n=180) gastric specimens were utilised. IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 in GC and non-GC tissues were detected immunohistochemically. The correlations between IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 in GC and severity of clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier/Cox regression. IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 in circulation were detected by ELISA. Results: IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 were all lower in GC than that in adjacent non-GC gastric tissue (p all <0.05). IL-33 in peripheral blood of GC patients was significantly lower than that of healthy individuals (1.50 ± 1.11 vs 9.61 ± 8.00 ng/ml) (p<0.05). Decreased IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 in GC were observed in younger patients (<60 years), and IL-32 and IL-33 were lower in female patients (p all <0.05). Higher IL-32 correlated with longer survival in two GC subgroups: T4 invasion depth and TNM I-II stage. Univariate/multivariate analysis revealed that IL-32 is an independent prognostic factor for GC within the T4 stage subgroup. Circulation IL-33 was significantly lower in GC patients than healthy people (p <0.05). Conclusions: Our findings provide new insights into the roles of IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 in carcinogenesis of GC and demonstrate their relative usefulness as prognostic markers for GC. The underlying mechanism of IL-31, IL-32 and IL-33 in GC is further discussed.