“…Activation of the receptor results in Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK-1/2)-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent dimerization of signal transducer and activation of transcription 6 (STAT6), which then translocates to the nucleus and binds to consensus sequences (TTCN 3-4 GAA) found within promoters of IL-4-regulated target genes (14,27). Previous studies with endothelial cells have demonstrated that IL-4 induces the expression of CXCL-8, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (15), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) (46), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (15), P-selectin (20,32,47), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (39), CCL26 (18), , 15-lipoxygenase (24), and osteoprotegerin (41). In addition, previous studies have shown that IL-4 upregulates the expression of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells (4,10,14,23,26,37,40).…”