IL-6 Is Associated with Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification and Mortality in Incident Dialysis Patients

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with cardiovascular events and also predicts mortality in individuals with CKD. Our goal was to determine the association between IL-6, FGF23, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) on coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression and mortality in incident dialysis patients without prior coronary events. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A prospective cohort of incident adult dialysis participants had CAC measured by ECG-triggered multislice CT scans at baseline and at least 12 months later. Lipids, mineral metabolism markers, FGF23, and inflammatory markers, such as IL-6 and hsCRP, were measured at the baseline visit. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Participants in the high IL-6 tertile had the highest baseline CAC score (133.25 [10.35–466.15]) compared to the low (0.25 [0–212.2]) and intermediate (29.55 [0–182.85]) tertiles. Almost half of the participants with high IL-6 (15 of 32 [46.9%]) experienced progression of CAC compared to participants with low (8 of 32 [25%]) and intermediate (9 of 32 [28.1%]) (<i>p</i> = 0.05) IL-6 levels. Each log increase in IL-6 was associated with increase in death (hazard ratio 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–3.8; <i>p</i> = 0.01). After adjusting for smoking, age, gender, race, diabetes, phosphate, and baseline calcium score, IL-6 (log) was associated with 2.2 times (95% CI: 1.1–4.6; <i>p</i> = 0.03) increase in death. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> IL-6 is associated with progression of CAC and mortality in incident dialysis patients.

Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Reduces Various Oxidation, Inflammation, and Adhesion Markers in a Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model

“…Interestingly, the level of IL-6 in the EXT 50 group turned out to be lower than in the positive control, i.e., the SIMV 5 group. This is a very favorable alteration as an elevated level of IL-6 is associated with cardiovascular risk [ 43 , 44 ]. It was proven that IL-6 signaling has a causative role in atherothrombosis [ 45 ].…”

SOD3 and IL-18 Predict the First Kidney Disease-Related Hospitalization or Death during the One-Year Follow-Up Period in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

“…IL-6 had almost double the effect of CRP [5,15]. In a recent study, the role of IL-6 was more associated with coronary artery calcification and cardiovascular diseases in ESRD patients [39,40]. Although both IL-6 and IL-18 are proinflammatory cytokines, their pathogenesis in clinical disease differs.…”

Bee gomogenat rescues lymphoid organs from degeneration by regulating the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

“…Increased ROS during diabetes can damage cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA (Golbidi and Laher 2010 ). Moreover, increased inflammation and the development of vascular disease and atherosclerosis are associated with elevated levels of IL-6 in diabetic individuals (Roy and Rosas 2021 ). Additionally, it has been established that the induction of diabetes in animal models is associated with perturbations in the levels of different cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7, and IL-4, which can perturb adaptive immunity.…”