IL-6 promotes regeneration and functional recovery after cortical spinal tract injury by reactivating intrinsic growth program of neurons and enhancing synapse formation

Yang, Ping; Han, Wen; Ou, Shan; Cui, Jian; Fan, Dehua

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.03.019

Cited by 101 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Besides, the proregenerative action of IL-6 is also observed after cortical spinal tract injury. Additionally, in this model, IL-6 enhances synapse formation and functional recovery [45]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravitreous Injection of Interleukin-6 Leads to a Sprouting in the Retinotectal Pathway at Different Stages of Development

Menezes

Goulart

Espírito-Santo³

et al. 2016

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: The development of retinotectal pathways form precise topographical maps is usually completed by the third postnatal week. Cytokines participate in the development and plasticity of the nervous system. We have previously shown that in vivo treatment with interleukin 2 disrupts the retinocollicular topographical order in early stages of development. Therefore, we decided to study the effect of a single intravitreous injection of IL-6 upon retinotectal circuitry in neonates and juvenile rats. Materials and Methods: Lister Hooded rats received an intravitreous injection of IL-6 (50 ng/ml) or vehicle (PBS) at either postnatal day (PND)10 or PND30 and the ipsilateral retinotectal pathway was evaluated 4 or 8 days later, respectively. Results: Our data showed that, at different stages of development, a single IL-6 intravitreous treatment did not produce an inflammatory response and increased retinal axon innervation throughout the visual layers of the superior colliculus. Conclusions: Taken together, our data provide the first evidence that a single intravitreous injection with IL-6 leads to sprouting in the subcortical visual connections and suggest that small changes in IL-6 levels might be sufficient to impair the correct neuronal circuitry fine-tuning during brain development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravitreous Injection of Interleukin-6 Leads to a Sprouting in the Retinotectal Pathway at Different Stages of Development

Menezes

Goulart

Espírito-Santo³

et al. 2016

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…Neuropoeitic cytokine family generally known as interleukin 6 (IL-6) family and it has functions, which contain different neural responses such as neural survival and differentiation (19,20). This cytokine family generally has a long chain alpha helix structure.…”

Section: Neuropoeitic Cytokine Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The beneficial effects of CTNF, and IL-6 in nerve regeneration have been presented (20,45,46). Similar to the members of neurotrophic factor family such as BDNF and GDNF, neural survival effect of CTNF is also transient.…”

Section: Basic Effects Of Neuropoeitic Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of neurotrophic cytokines in peripheral nerve regeneration has been examined in adult rat sensory neurons and spinal cord injury models. It has been shown that neurotrophic cytokines promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery (20,61). However, it is not known whether neurotrophic cytokines affect by increasing the rate of axonal regeneration or by increasing regenerative or terminal outgrowth in axons.…”

Section: Neuropoietic Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of growth factors in nerve regeneration

Önger

Delibaş

Türkmen

et al. 2016

DD&T

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“…While there is still some disagreement (Richter et al, 1990) about the role IL-6 plays in this process, the observation that cytokines such as LIF and IL-6 as well as downstream signaling molecules were required for conditioning lesion-induced regeneration coupled with the prior observation (Zhong et al, 1999) that IL-6 was likewise required for the proper regeneration of peripheral sensory axons provided strong evidence that the immune system played a key role in the regenerative response. More recently, intrathecal delivery of IL-6 for 1 week was found induce expression of mTOR, promote axonal sprouting adjacent to the injury site, and, remarkably, significant functional recovery in a model of corticospinal tract (CST) injury (Yang et al, 2012). …”

Section: Re-activation Of Intrinsic Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Axonal Growth and the Drive for Regeneration

O’Donovan

2016

Front. Neurosci.

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Following damage to the adult nervous system in conditions like stroke, spinal cord injury, or traumatic brain injury, many neurons die and most of the remaining spared neurons fail to regenerate. Injured neurons fail to regrow both because of the inhibitory milieu in which they reside as well as a loss of the intrinsic growth capacity of the neurons. If we are to develop effective therapeutic interventions that promote functional recovery for the devastating injuries described above, we must not only better understand the molecular mechanisms of developmental axonal growth in hopes of re-activating these pathways in the adult, but at the same time be aware that re-activation of adult axonal growth may proceed via distinct mechanisms. With this knowledge in hand, promoting adult regeneration of central nervous system neurons can become a more tractable and realistic therapeutic endeavor.

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IL-6 promotes regeneration and functional recovery after cortical spinal tract injury by reactivating intrinsic growth program of neurons and enhancing synapse formation

Cited by 101 publications

References 43 publications

Intravitreous Injection of Interleukin-6 Leads to a Sprouting in the Retinotectal Pathway at Different Stages of Development

Intravitreous Injection of Interleukin-6 Leads to a Sprouting in the Retinotectal Pathway at Different Stages of Development

The role of growth factors in nerve regeneration

Intrinsic Axonal Growth and the Drive for Regeneration

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