Il metabolismo respiratorio dei bambini durante l'esercizio muscolare

Piacentini, Valentina; Bollettino, A.

doi:10.1007/bf02605174

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is therefore reasonable to conclude that children do perform a greater amount of work per unit mass and per unit time to maintain a given speed of walking. This may explain, at least in part, why the weight specific oxygen consumption during walking was found to be greater in children than in adults (Piacentini & Bollettino, 1942;Silverman & Anderson, 1972). Simultaneous measurements of mechanical work and energy expenditure at the different ages would be necessary to detect a concomitant change of the efficiency of positive work production by muscles.…”

Section: Walking In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How does the reduced body size affect the mechanics of the locomotion of children compared to that of adults? The net energy expenditure per unit of body mass in walking and running at a given speed, was found to be greater in children than in adults (Piacentini & Bollettino, 1942; Astrand, 1952;Silverman & Anderson, 1972). This could be due to: (i) a greater mechanical work done per unit mass, and/or (ii) a smaller efficiency of muscular contraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The mechanics of walking in children.

Cavagna¹,

Franzetti²,

Fuchimoto³

1983

The Journal of Physiology

156

168

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The work done at each step, during level walking at a constant average speed, to lift the centre of mass of the body, to accelerate it forward, and to increase the sum of both gravitational potential and kinetic energies, has been measured at various speeds on children of 2-12 years of age, with the same technique used previously for adults (Cavagna, 1975; Cavagna, Thys & Zamboni, 1976). The pendulum-like transfer between potential and kinetic energies (Cavagna et al. 1976) reaches a maximum at the speed at which the weight-specific work to move the centre of mass a given distance is at a minimum ('optimal' speed). This speed is about 2 X 8 km/hr at 2 years of age and increases progressively with age up to 5 km/hr at 12 years of age and in adults. The speed freely chosen during steady walking at the different ages is similar to this 'optimal' speed. At the 'optimal' speed, the time of single contact (time of swing) is in good agreement with that predicted, for the same stature, by a ballistic walking model assuming a minimum of muscular work (Mochon & McMahon, 1980). Above the 'optimal' speed, the recovery of mechanical energy through the potential-kinetic energy transfer decreases. This decrease is greater the younger the subject. A reduction of this recovery implies a greater amount of work to be supplied by muscles: at 4 X 5 km/hr the weight-specific muscular power necessary to move the centre of mass is 2 X 3 times greater in a 2-year-old child than in an adult.

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Section: Walking In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The mechanics of walking in children.

Cavagna¹,

Franzetti²,

Fuchimoto³

1983

The Journal of Physiology

156

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Early work by Robinson (23) showed that the energy cost of walking for boys under 13 yr of age was approximately 5.5 mL•kg Ϫ1 •min Ϫ1 more than for those over 13 yr of age and was related to their REE. Other studies compared the energy expenditure of running and walking in men and boys, finding the energy cost was greater for boys than for men (8,9,22). However, small sample sizes and a general failure to include females reduce the generalizability of the studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Costs of Physical Activities in Children and Adolescents

Harrell¹,

McMurray

Baggett

et al. 2005

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

315

255

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Energy expenditure per kilogram of body mass at rest or during exercise is greater in children than adults and varies with pubertal status, thus using the definition of a MET in the compendium of physical activities without adjustment is inadequate for energy estimation in children, until a child reaches Tanner Stage 5. However, the ratio of activity EE to resting EE in children appears to be similar or slightly less than in the compendium, suggesting that the compendium MET increments used with our adjusted EE values more closely approximate the true EE of activities in children than present adult norms.

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“…Alors que le travail des enfants n'a été légalement interdit qu'au début du XX e siècle, l'exploration de l'évolution de leurs aptitudes physiques ne débutera, en partie pour des raisons éthiques, qu'au deuxième tiers du siècle. Robinson (1939), Piacentini et Bollettino (1945) et Åstrand (1952 font figures de pionniers en la matière. En France et en Belgique, il n'auront pas de retentissements pratiques marquants, peut être parce que l'éducation physique à l'école n'avait pas encore introduit la pratique des sports A ce moment, des outils d'évaluation de la performance selon les âges sont déjà disponibles (entre autres les tables de cotation d'Hébert et de Letessier) mais ils n'ont guère de support physiologique.…”

Section: L'adaptation Métabolique à L'effort De L'enfant Et De L'adol...unclassified

Introduction : Regards de la bioénergétique sur les Activités Physiques et Sportives au XXe siècle

Thys¹

2001

Staps

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Il metabolismo respiratorio dei bambini durante l'esercizio muscolare

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

The mechanics of walking in children.

The mechanics of walking in children.

Energy Costs of Physical Activities in Children and Adolescents

Introduction : Regards de la bioénergétique sur les Activités Physiques et Sportives au XXe siècle

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