“…Moreover, the use of market price based measures enables researchers only to consider listed firms, which are just a small percentage of firms, while our sample combines both listed and no listed firms. Finally, many contributions have shown how the decline in Italian productivity of the last 20 years can be attributed to low TFP growth (amongst others, Accetturo et al, 2013;Aiello, Pupo, & Ricotta, 2009;Bassanetti, Iommi, Jona-Lasinio, & Zollino, 2004;Daveri & Jonia-Lasinio, 2005;OECD, 2007;Van Ark, O'Mahony, & Ypma, 2007). Therefore, studies which aim to analyse the factors that influence TFP are central to understanding what should be done to strengthen the Italian productive system.…”